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سارة خاتون، السيدة الارمنية العراقية الاصيلة Figures Sara Khatun, Ms. Armenian Iraqi thoroughbreds Baghdad

February 15, 2014 By administrator


See bellow English translation
شخصيات
Screen Shot 2014-02-15 at 8.48.47 AMسارة خاتون،  السيدة الارمنية العراقية الاصيلة
 
آرا سركيس آشجيان ـ بغداد
 
 
سارة هي فتاة بغدادية كريمة المحتد والأصل،  وهي ابنة اوهانيس  (هوفهانيس)  ماركوساسكندريان   (1834-1899)  أحد وجوه الأرمن ببغداد،وقد أوتيت من جمال الوجه ما لم تؤته فتاة،  ووقعت بسبب هذا الجمال في أحداث كأحداث بعض أفلام هوليوود،  بسبب وقوع الوالي العثماني ناظم باشا في حبها ورفضها لهذا الحب وتصديها له

.

ولدت سارة في بغداد عام 1889،  وفقدت والدتها صوفي  (1856-1895)  وأختها الصغيرة زابيل،  ثم والدها قبل أن تبلغ سن الرشد وتبقى تحت رعاية عمتها صوفي ووصاية عمها سيروب اسكندريان.

وكانت سارة قبل مولدها قد فقدت أخاً لها،
  أسمه كيروب،  بعد خمسة أشهر من مولده(ولد في 22 آب-أغسطس 1886 وتوفي في 28 كانون الثاني-يناير 1887) .

وحرص العم على التمسك بالوصية على سارة لانتفاعه منها.

وقد خلف لها والدها ثروة طائلة جداً،
تتضمن أموالاً وبساتين وأراضي زراعية في بغداد والصويرة والحلة ومنطقة الشوملي،  فضلاً عن أراضي واسعة ضمن حدود أمانة بغداد قسمت وبيعت لتغدو في ما بعد منطقة سكنية تعرف بحي الرياض(كمب سارة) .


وكان المنزل الفخم لأهل سارة يقع في شارع الرشيد ببغداد على ضفاف نهر دجلة،
وأصبح في ما بعد احد فنادق بغداد المعروفة وأسمه(ريفر فرونت هوتيل) ،  وقيل أن أملاكها كانت من الكثرة وكبر المساحة بحيث كان القطار سيستغرق في مسيره مدة نصف ساعة للخروج من حدودها! !

وكان والدها المحسن قد أوقف أحد بيوته الكبيرة الى الطائفة الأرمنية بعد وفاة ابنته زابيل في عام 1897،  وهي في سن السادسة من العمر،  لتكون مدرسة سميت تخليداً لذكراها
باسم  (المدرسة الزابيلية) ،  وهي أول مدرسة للبنات في بغداد تأسست عام 1901،  والتي دمجت عام 1917 مع أول مدرسة أرمنية أنشئت في بغداد عام 1852
باسم  (تاركمانجاتس)  وتعني  (المترجمون)  لتتكون منها أول مدرسة مختلطة في العراق،  وهي مدرسة الأرمن المختلطة الأهلية.


بدأت قصة سارة مع الوالي العثماني ناظم باشا،  تلك القصة التي وصلت أخبارها الى اسطنبول وربما الى أوروبا،  ذات ليلة من شهر آب-أغسطس 1910 عندما أقام ناظم
باشا،متظاهراً بالتجديد ومدعياً تأثره بالمجتمع الفرنسي الذي عرفه أثناء إقامته في باريس فترة من الزمن،  حفلة راقصة على ظهر باخرة نهرية من أجل إنشاء مستشفى الغرباء ببغداد.

وكانت الحفلة مختلطة حضرها القناصل وزوجاتهم وأفراد الجاليات الأجنبية وبعض العائلات المسيحية،
  وقد زينت الباخرة بالأنوار والأعلام وصدحت فيها الموسيقى.

وكانت بغداد تشهد لأول مرة حفلة من هذا النوع،
وقد حضرتها سارة مع أفراد عائلتها وهي تلبس الإزار والخمار(البوشي)على الطريقة التي كانت مألوفة يومذاك،ولم يكد الوالي
يشاهدها حتى شغف بها حباً على الرغم من الفرق الكبير بين عمريهما،إذ كانت سارة في السابعة عشرة من عمرها بينما هو كان في الخمسين [وردت تفاصيل القصة في الفصل الأول
من كتاب خيري العمري  (حكايات سياسية)  المنشور في القاهرة في عام 1969].


وظل الوالي يتحين الفرصة للوصول إليها والتعرف عليها،ولما عرف أنها ابنة أخ سيروب اسكندريان الذيكان قد عينه مديراً للإدارة النهرية شعر وقتذاك أن الطريق ممهد له،  فلم يتوان
وتقدم منها لتكون بعد لحظات موضع رعايته واهتمامه.


وكانت سارة قد ضاقت ذرعاً بوصاية عمها على ثروتها الكبيرة،كونه يتصرف بأموالها لنفسه،  فاعتبرتها فرصة ذهبية لتستعين بالوالي على فسخ هذه الوصاية واستبدالها بوصاية مطران الكنيسة الأرمنية.
لذا طلبت من ناظم باشا موعداً لزيارته،  فكان الجواب سريعاً. وفي الموعد المحدد ارتدت سارة العباءة وأسدلت على وجهها الخمار على هيئة ما كانت نساء بغداد يفعلنه وقتذاك عند
الخروج الى الشارع،  واصطحبت معها عمتها صوفي التي كانت تقف الى جانبها في رفض وصاية العم سيروب،  ورحلت تريد مقابلة الوالي في داره

.

ويبدو أن هيبة الوالي العجوز ونظراته قد أخرست سارة عن الكلام في هذا اللقاء،  فتولت العمة صوفي شرح الموضوع الذي أنصت إليه الوالي بشكل جاد.
وبعد أيام من هذا اللقاء، أرسل الوالي في طلب العم سيروب وولده تانييل (دانيال)  وطلب منهما أن يقدما كشفاً بالحساب لإرث سارة.

فاستبشرت سارة خيراً،
  إلا أن الأمور سارت بمنحى آخر،  إذ بادر ابن عمها تانييل الى زيارتها في إحدى الأمسيات وذكر لها،  وهو مضطرب،  أن ناظم باشا يريدها زوجة لسكرتيره
الخاص سورين.

وتصورت سارة أن تانييل غير جاد وأنه يمزح معها،  إلا أنه قطع عليها ظنونها هذه عندما استطرد يزين لها هذا الزواج،  فطردته وأسمعته من جارح الكلام ما جعلها تظن أنه لن يعاود.

بيد أنه عاد إليها بعد يومين ليقدم لها عرضاً آخر (أكثر إغراء)  عندما قال لها أن الوالي يريدها زوجة له! 
ورفضت سارة  (عرض)  تانييل هذا لها وطردته ثانية،  فشعر الوالي أن صبية بغدادية لا تملك ما يملكه هو من سطوة واقتدار قد تمردت عليه من دون رهبة أو خوف،  فأخذ بتضييق
الخناق عليها ونصب الشراك لها،  فإذا بها تفلت من واحد حتى يكون الثاني في انتظارها وهي صامدة ببطولة وشجاعة،وتبين للباشا أنها فتاة من طراز خاص ذات إرادة وشخصية قوية
.
وأوعز الوالي الى(الجندرمة)بأن يقتحموا بيتها،  فتسلقت الجدار الذي يفصل بينها وبين جارها القنصل الألماني في بغداد(هسا)الذي وجد أن بقاءها في داره قد يسبب أزمة
دبلوماسية،  لأنه لا يشك في أن الوالي الخرف قد لا يتورع عن اقتحام داره ذي الحصانة الدبلوماسية،  فنقلها على الفور الى دار السيد داود النقيب(ابن أخ السيد طالب النقيب نقيب
الأشراف في بغداد)في محلة باب الشيخ ببغداد،  فآواها النقيب ووفر لها حماية كاملة منطلقاً من مبادئه الإسلامية في نصرة المظلوم والوقوف الى جانب الحق،  وشهامته وتربيته
العربية في حماية  (الدخيل)  أو اللاجئ.


Screen Shot 2014-02-15 at 8.49.04 AMولم يتجرأ الوالي على اقتحام دار السيد النقيب،  نظراً للاحترام الكبير الذي كان يحظى به من قبل جميع الناس،  إلا أن الوالي وزع جلاوزته(الجندرمة)حول الدار لإلقاء القبض على
سارة عند مغادرتها للدار.
 
 
وبقيت سارة في دار السيد النقيب خمسة أيام أمعن الوالي خلالها في التضييق عليها وإيذائها،فاعتقل خادمتي سارة لولو وفريدة بتهم ملفقة باطلة،وأمر أصحاب الزوارق الصغيرة
التي تعمل بالمجاذف(البلامة)وأصحاب الحيوانات التي تستخدم في التنقل بالامتناع عن مساعدتها في التنقل بأي من وسائطهم،كما أبعد خطيبها الى كركوك لأداء الخدمة العسكرية
هناك،على الرغم من دفعه للبدل النقدي الذي كان يمنحه الحق في أداء الخدمة العسكرية في محل إقامته.

وبلا شك،تسربت القصة الى أوساط العامة في بغداد،ونشأت الأغاني و(البستات)التي تتضمن إشارات غير مباشرة الى سلوك الوالي. ووقف أهل بغداد الى جانب سارة،ولا يستبعد أن
يكون البغداديون قد ربطوا بين تصرف الوالي الشخصي هذا وبين موقعه كحاكم لدولة أجنبية تسيطر علىالعراق وتتصرف بمقدراته،ولهذا هبوا جميعاً لنصرة سارة كمواطنة عراقية
لحقها حيف وظلم من حاكم غريب عن الوطن. ونصر أهل بغداد سارة على الوالي مرتين:


مرة عندما خرجت من دار السيد النقيب وهي محجبة تستقل عربة(يجرها حصانان)،  إذ لمحها الرقباء من  (الجندرمة)  الذين انتشروا حول الدار.
وعندما تصدوا لها قصد إلقاء القبض عليها افتعل شباب محلة
(باب الشيخ)أمراً صرفوا إليه(الجندرمة)عن عربة سارة،   وبذلك فوتوا عليهم الفرصة وكان أن أفلتت من أيديهم.

ونصرها أهل بغداد ثانية عندما حاول ابن عمها تانييل اختطافها وهي في حديقة بيتها المطل على شاطئ نهر دجلة
  بزورق أرساه عند الحديقة، فصرخت واستنجدت بجيرانها من الفلاحين المجاورين لبيتها،  فهبوا لنجدتها بالعصي و (المساحي)و (المگاوير)فهرب تانييل بجلده لا يلوي على شيء.

وكانت سارة قد أودعت حليها لدى ابن عمها فطالبته بأن يعيده إليها بعد الذي جرى لها منه ما جرى،  فأعاده إليها.

وعندما تفحصته وجدت أن واحداً من خواتمها الذي لا يقدر بثمن غير موجود.

ولما استطلعت منه عن أمره أخبرها أنه موجود لدى الوالي وأنه يحتفظ به
.
وبرغم ما يمتلكه هذا الوالي من المقدرة على التصرف بالأمور،وهو(الحاكم بأمره) إلا أن سارة تماسكتبشكل بطولي واستطاعت أن تقابل إجراءاته ومضايقاته بصبر وصلابة ثابتة.

واستقر رأيها على استرجاع الخاتم من هذا العاشق الخرف،
  فجمعت عائلتها وطلبت منهم أن يصحبوها الى بيت الوالي لمطالبته بالخاتم واسترجاعه منه،  وكان لها ما أرادت.
فقد ساد هذا اللقاء جو من الرهبة والخوف وأخرج الباشا الخاتم من جيبه وقال وهو ينظر الى سارة نظرة امتزجت فيها معاني التهديد بالغضب: “
هل أعيد الخاتم إليك يا سارة أو احتفظ به عندي؟ ” فالتفتت إليه سارة وأجابته بشجاعة: “إذا كنت يا باشا تريد الخاتم مقابل ما أسديته لي من جميل فهو لك،  أما إذا أردته لشيء آخر فيؤسفني أن أرفض”.


فانقلبت سحنة الباشا فجأة واحمرت عيناه غضباً واستولى على الحاضرين من الأقارب خوف شديد.
وفجأة قال الباشا
: “انصرفوا..غداً سأبعث الخاتم إليكم”،  وانصرف الحضور

.

وهنا دخلت السياسة بطرفها في هذا الحادث،إذ كان في بغداد آنذاك أعضاء لكل من حزب الاتحاد والترقي وحزب الحرية والائتلاف والذي كان ناظم باشا أحد أبرز أعضائه.


واستغل حزب الاتحاد والترقي ذلك التذمر الشديد وسخط الشارع البغدادي على الوالي وتصرفاته،واستنفروا شهامة أهل بغداد وحميتهم ونظموا الاحتجاجات للتنديد بناظم باشا وسياساته وتنظيم حملة ضده وضد حزب الحرية والائتلاف.


أثناء ذلك،وصل الى بغداد إسماعيل حقي بابان،  من أسرة آل بابان العراقية المعروفة،في جولة انتخابية وصحفية باعتباره مراسل صحيفة(طنين)المعروفة بولائها لحزب الاتحاد والترقي.

وتم اطلاع بابان على جلية الأمر لكي ينبري لفضح أعمال الوالي على صفحات صحيفته أو في مجلس المبعوثان إن هو فاز بعضويته،  ونظم لقاء لسارة به في محلة  (الصابونجية)  ببغداد. والتقت سارة في دارسليم باشا بالسيد إسماعيل حقي بابان وأطلعته على كل ما جرى،وقد وجدت فيه من الحماس والاندفاع ما زادها شجاعة وصلابة

.

وعاد بابان الى اسطنبول ليبسط موضوع سارة هناك،وقام نواب العراق(نائبا الموصل ونواب بغداد والديوانية وكربلاء وكركوك)في مجلس المبعوثان العثماني بتقديم تقرير عما جرى في هذا الموضوع في 12 كانون الثاني-يناير و 6 شباط-فبراير 1911.
وانتقد طلعت باشا وزير الداخلية ناظم باشا على سلوكه،ملوحاً بالتحقيق وعزل ناظم باشا
وسارع أعضاء حزب الحرية والائتلاف الى مؤازرة ناظم باشا والدفاع عنه في صحيفة  (صدى بابل)  لصاحبها داود صليوه،  وصحيفة  (الرياض) لصاحبها سليمان الدخيل.
واتخذت الصحف البغدادية الأخرى موقف النقد والمعارضة لناظم باشا
.
على أن حماقة ناظم باشا دفعته أكثر الى الانحدار في سلوكه بعد أن أحس بنذر الخطر تحدق به،  فراح يحاول الحصول على تقرير طبي يؤيد إصابة سارة بمرض عقلي يتطلب وضعها تحت الحراسة.
وبلغ الأمر مسامع سارة وأدركت ما يعنيه هذا الإجراء إن نجح ناظم باشا في تحقيقه،
  فأخذت تعد العدة للخروج من بغداد والهروب الى أية جهة تكون فيها بمنجاة من تصرفه.

لذا سارعت الى الهرب من بغداد بمساعدة راهبات دير الراهبات الفرنسيات متخفية بزي راهبة وبصحبة الراهبة هنرييت والراهب الاسباني بيير.


واستطاع الثلاثة أن يغادروا محلة(رأس القرية)،حيث يقع الدير،الى منطقة(المصبغة)المجاورة للمدرسة المستنصرية،واستقلوا باخرة من بواخر شركة لنج المعروفة التي كانت ترسو عند شاطئ المنطقة،  للذهاب الى البصرة.


كانت سارة ما أن تتخلص من مأزق حتى يعترضها مأزق آخر،  لأن الباشا كان مصراً على أن يظفر بها.

ولهذا ما أن تفشل خطة حتى يبادر الى أخرى،
  وكانت سارة تفلت من أي حصار يضربه عليها الباشا مهما بلغت دقته.

وكانت العيون التي بثها الوالي في كل مكان قد نجحت في رصد تحركات سارة بشكل دقيق.

فقد عرف ناظم باشا أن سارة انتقلت الى باخرة شركة لنج،  ولهذا أرسل عدداً من  (الجندرمة)  لإلقاء القبض عليها.
وحاول جلاوزة الوالي اقتحام الباخرة،  إلا أن قائدها منعهم من ذلك،باعتبارها تحمل العلم البريطاني وتابعة لقنصلية أجنبية. وكانت بواخر هذه القنصليات تتمتع بحصانة دبلوماسية كالقنصليات التابعة لها.
وهكذا،فشل الوالي مرة أخرى في القبض على سارة.
وانطلقت الباخرة الى البصرة،
وصدرت الأوامر الى قائدها بأن يقودها بأقصى سرعتها ودون توقف في أية مدينة تمر بها.
وأستمر الوالي الطاغية بمحاولاته للقبض عليها وفكر في وسيلة أخرى.

فقد حاول إعادتها من البصرة مدعياً أن راهبات دير الراهبات الفرنسيات أجبرن سارة على التخلي عن مذهبها الأرثوذكسي واعتناق المذهب الكاثوليكي الذي كانت عليه هؤلاء الراهبات.
 
 
وتعاونت القنصلية البريطانية في البصرة مع القنصل الروسي هناك لتهريب سارة على إحدى البواخر الراسية في شط العرب والتي كانت تستعد للتوجه الى مدينة بومبي.

ورست الباخرة في ميناء بوشهر الإيراني في الخليج العربي، وبقيت هناك مدة من الزمن تحت رعاية السير برسي كوكس المقيم البريطاني في بوشهر،والذي ساعدها في إرسال برقيات الاحتجاج الى اسطنبول،  والمحافظة على أملاكها ببغداد من استيلاء ناظم باشا عليها.
وقام السير برسي كوكس بإصدار تقرير طبي يؤيد كونها سالمة من أي مرض عقلي،
وذلك رداًعلى طلب القنصلية العثمانية بذلك،تركت بعدها سارة بوشهر الى بومباي حيث استقرت لبعض الوقت.

في 17 آذار-مارس 1911 ورد الأمر من اسطنبول بعزل ناظم باشا من ولاية بغداد. وبعد ثلاثة أيام توجه ناظم باشا بالباخرة الى البصرة،
  ومن هناك ذهب الى اسطنبول عن طريق بومبي. ولم ينس أثناء مروره بمدينة بومبي أن يبحث عن سارة. وشعرت إدارة الهند البريطانية بالأمر،  فأوعزت الى سارة خاتون أن تتوارى عن الأنظار لفترة ريثما ييأس الباشا المتصابي فيغادر بومبي.

وعندما عادت سارة الى شقتها بعد تأكدها من سفره،سلمتها صاحبة البيت رسالة تركها لها ناظم باشا يعبر فيها عن  (حبه)،  وأرفق معها صورة له! !
وعلى إثر عزل ناظم باشا،نظم الشاعر العراقي جميل صدقي الزهاوي قصيدة بعنوان  (طاغية بغداد)،وفي ما يأتي أبيات منها:

رام هتـكاً لمـا تصـون فتـاة
        كسبت في أمر العفاف اشتهاراً
بنت قوم لم يدنس العرض منهم     بقبيح هم من سـراة النصارى
أيهـا المصـلح الـكبير أهـذا             ما يسـميه بعضـهم اعمـارا
يا مهين العراق هل كنت تدري       أن أهل العراق ليسـوا غيارى
سر بعيـداً الى سـلانيك عنـا             أن فيهــا كواعبـاً أبكــاراً

وتولى ناظم باشا وزارة الحربية عندما تسلم الائتلافيون الحكم في 22 تموز-يوليو 1912،ثم قتل بعد أشهرمحدودة من قبل متظاهرين اقتحموا الباب العالي أثناء انعقاد مجلس الوزراء في خضم هزائم الجيش العثماني إبان حروب البلقان الأولى.


وغادرت سارة بومبي الى باريس حيث تزوجت عام 1913 من تانييل اوهانيس تاتيوسيان(1875-1922)،وهو عراقي أرمني. وبعدأن وضعت الحرب العالميةالأولى  (1914-1918)  أوزارها،  عادت الى بغداد مع زوجها، وأخذت ترعى ثروتها بنفسها.


وقد سمت ولدها برسي  (ولد ببغداد في عام 1922 وتوفي فيها عام 1987)تيمناً بالجميل الذي أبداه لها السير برسي كوكس،  وسمت ابنتها صوفي(ولدت ببغداد في عام 1917
وتوفيت فيها عام 2002)  على اسم أمها وعمتها.

كما ولدت لها ابنة أخرى أسمتها ادما(ولدت ببغداد في عام 1919 وتزوجت في انكلترا وتوفيت فيها -2006) .

ويروي الذينعاصروها الكثير من الحكايات عن كرمها الذي تجاوز حد المعقول الى التبذير والإسراف،فجاء هذا الإسراف على آخر فلس من ثروتها،فضلاً عن عملية الإحتيال التي تعرضت لها. وقد أحيطت بالخادمات والطباخات وبسائقها،وكانت الدعوات التي تنظمها في بيتها فريدة من نوعها في بغداد.

وتميزت سارة خاتون أيضا بمواقفها المشرفة من بني جلدتها من الأرمن الذين عانوا من مجازر الإبادة الأرمنية على يد الحكام العثمانيين عام 1915.


ففي هذا العام،
  تم تهجير قافلة نضم نخبة من المثقفين والبارزين من الأرمن في بغداد،بضمنهم الأستاذ والمربي الفاضل ومدير المدرسة الأرمنية ببغداد مهران سفاجيان الذي هجِّر الى رأس العين حيث توفي.
كما استشهد هاكوب نرسيسيان،وهو لغوي من القدس وكان مترجماً في القنصلية البريطانية في بغداد، وكارنيك كيومجيان وآخرين.
وأعقبت هذه القافلة قافلة ثانية من المهجرين. ولدى
علم سارة بأنه يتم الإعداد لتهجير قافلة ثالثة من الأرمن،  لجأت الى بعض الأعيان العرب وسألتهم الوساطة لدى الوالي للعدول عن قرار التهجير.
وبجهود سارة،تم إنقاذ أفراد هذه القافلة وتوقفت عملية تهجير الأرمن.
وفي عام 1917،أسست سارة خاتون مع عدد من النساء الأرمنيات في بغداد الهيئة النسوية الأرمنية لإغاثة المهجرين الأرمن بفعل مجازر الإبادة الأرمنية في الدولة العثمانية عام
1915،  والتي راح ضحيتها مليون ونصف المليون من الأرمن وترك عشرات الألوف من المهجرين والمشردين.
وفي الوقت ذاته،  قامت سارة خاتون وزوجها تانييل(قبل أن يتوفى في باريس فيعام 1922)  بتوزيع الطعام والملبس على 20 ألفاً من المهجرين الأرمن في العراق

.

وبزيادة عدد المهجرين الأرمن،أصبح حي(كمب الكيلاني)لا يستوعبهم،ممااستدعىتدخلسارة مرةأخرى لإبداء المساعدة،  إذ قامت في العام 1937 بتوزيع أراضيها لقاء مبالغ مالية زهيدة.


ولكي تمنع أي استغلال،
  وتضمن حصول أكبر فئة من الناس على هذه الأراضي،  لم تبع أية قطعة أرض تزيد مساحتها على 150 متراً.

وسمي هذا الحي الأرمني حي  (سارة الزنگينة)  أو  (كمب سارة) .

ومنذ عام 1938،  كانت سارة خاتون توفر الملابس والقرطاسية لجميع الطلبة المتعففين في مدرسة الأرمن.
وعلى الرغم من ظهور البوادر لأزمتها المالية،  فأنها استمرت بعملها الخيري هذا مدة عشر سنوات بلا انقطاع

.

وبعد تأزم أوضاعها المادية أتتها الضربة الكبرى،  إذ فقدت في يوم واحد،وإثر عملية احتيال تعرضت لها،  كل ما تملك حتى منزلها.
وقام أناس بمساعدتها بشكل ظاهر أو مستتر.
وقد استمرت خادمتها المخلصة وسائقها الشخصي بخدمتها بلا مقابل حتى وفاتها في 5 كانون الأول-ديسمبر 1960.


ووصف ليباريد آزاديان مؤلف كتاب  (ذكريات دجلة)  واقعة جمعته بسارة خاتون في بغداد بعد أن فقدت ثروتها،فقال:

“في يوم صيفي لاهب وفي الساعة الثانية بعد الظهر،وعندما كنت أقود سيارتي لمحت سارة خاتون وهي تنتظر في محطة لحافلات الباص،من دون أن تضع قبعة يحمي رأسها من أشعة الشمس.

وكان منظراً لا يصدق. وفكرت في أنها يمكن أن تصاب بضربة شمس،  وقد تجاوزتها،  بيد أن ضميري أخذ يؤنبني. كيف كان في إمكاني تجاهل سارة خاتون وتركها في هذا الوضع،وأنا الذي كنت أردد أسمها المشرف دائماً في طفولتي،وقررت العودة لمحطة الناص وقلت لها: سيدة سارة،تفضلوا،سأنقلكم بسيارتي الى حيث ترغبون. فكان جوابها: شكراً ولدي،  ستضايق نفسك. فقلت لها: لا توجد أية مضايقة،وأرجو كثيراً أن لا ترفضوا عرضي هذا.
ونزلت من السيارة وقدتها إليها،وكان العرق يتصبب منها بغزارة! ! 


وفي الطريق قلت لها
: سيدة سارة،  إنكم لا تعرفونني.

أنا وأمثالي جئنا مهاجرين الى بغداد وحظينا بدعمكم المعنوي والمادي،وأنني أشعر دائماً بالعرفان بالجميل تجاهشخصكم،  وأنكم بإعمالكم الخيرية صرتم فخراً لأرمن بغداد.
ولم يصدر منها أي تعليق على كلامي هذا.

وعندما وصلنا،  فتحت لها باب السيارة. وبعد أن نزلت من السيارة،  رفعت رأسها وقالت لي: شكراً،  أيها السيد

“.

لقد كانت حياة سارة خاتون مليئة بالمآسي التي واجهتها بكل صلابة وشجاعة،فقد توفي أخ لها في عمر خمسة شهور قبل ولادتها. كما  توفيت،وهي في سن صغيرة،أمها وأختها الصغيرة وأبوها،  وتلاعب عمها بثروتها،  وتعرضت للصعوبات الكثيرة إثر ملاحقة الوالي ناظم باشا لها بسبب حبه لها الذي رفضته.
كما توفي زوجها ولم يمض عشر سنوات على زواجهما،
  وأخيراً فقدت ثروتها الطائلة.


ورحلت سارة عن هذا العالم والحزن يعتصر قلبها،  وهي لم تفهم لماذا يكون القدر قاسياً معها الى هذا الحد،  وهي التي سعت دائماً الى فعل الخير للآخرين.


وتحتل سارة خاتون المرتبة الأولى في قائمة المحسنين في تاريخ الأرمن في بغداد،  لأنها أنقذت الأرمن من القتل العثماني وساعدت المهجرين،  وأدخلت البهجة والسرور في نفس الأطفال المتعففين. وكانت سارة محبوبة ومحترمة جداً من قبل الجميع،  وكان الأعيان العرب ينظرون إليها على أنها أميرة ويجلونها كثيراً. كما حظيت بالاحترام الخاص من قبل البلاط العراقي
Sent By Yanos Yano Germany
Figures
Sara Khatun , Ms. Armenian Iraqi thoroughbredsAra Sarkis Ashjian Baghdad

Sarah is a girl Baghdadi dignified descent and origin , the daughter of Ohaness ( Hovhanis ) Marcus Askndrian ( 1834-1899 ), one of the faces of the Armenians in Baghdad , has been the best of facial beauty unless Tath girl , occurred because of this beauty in the events as events of some Hollywood films , because of the occurrence of the governor Nazim Pasha Ottoman in love with her and the rejection of this love and confronting him
.
Sarah was born in Baghdad in 1889 , and lost her mother, Sophie ( 1856-1895 ) and her little sister Zabel , then her father before they reach adulthood and remain under the care of her cousin Sophie and guardianship Askndrian syrup .

And Sarah was before birth may have lost a brother , named Kierop , five months after his birth (born on August 22 – August 1886 and died on 28 January to January 1887 ) .

Uncle keen to hold on to the commandment to Sarah Antvall them.
Has left her and her father’s fortune too , including money and orchards and agricultural lands in Baghdad , Essaouira, Hilla and the Shomali , as well as a vast territory within the boundaries of the Municipality of Baghdad divided and sold to become in the post- residential area known district of Riyadh ( Camp Sara ) .

The house was lavish to the people Sarah is located in the Al-Rashid Street in Baghdad on the banks of the Tigris River , and later became a hotel in Baghdad’s well-known name ( River Front Hotel ) , and was told that her property was one of the multitude and the large area so that the train was going to take in the course of a half hour to get out of its borders ! !

Her father Mohsen has been suspended one his homes to large Armenian community after the death of his daughter Zabel in 1897 , at the age of six years old , to be a school named in honor of her memory as the ( school Alsabellah ) , the first school for girls in Baghdad was founded in 1901 , which merged in 1917 with the first Armenian school in Baghdad, established in 1852 as the ( Tarkmenecats ) and means ( translators ) to make up the first mixed school in Iraq , a school Armenians mixed eligibility.

The story of Sarah with the Ottoman governor Nazim Pasha , the story that reached its news to Istanbul and perhaps to Europe , the same night of the month of August – August 1910 when it established Nazim Pasha , protesters renewal and claiming influenced French society who knew him during his stay in Paris, a period of time , concert dancer on the back of a river steamer for the establishment of a hospital in Baghdad strangers .

The concert was attended by a mixed consuls and their wives and members of foreign communities and some Christian families , have been decorated with lights and flags the ship and where music blared .

Baghdad was seeing for the first time a party of this kind, was attended by Sarah with her ​​family wearing a loincloth and Muffler ( Bushi ) the way they were familiar that day , no sooner had the governor watched until their craving for love in spite of the great difference between their ages , as Sarah was in seventeen-year -old while he was in his fifties [ received details of the story in the first chapter of the book charity Omari ( political tales ) published in Cairo in 1969 .

Remained governor looking for the opportunity to reach them and identify them , and what is known as the daughter of a brother syrup Askndrian who had been appointed managing director of the river at the time felt that the road is paved for him, did not hesitate to offer them to be after a few moments into his care and concern .

And Sarah was fed up guardianship of her uncle on the wealth of large , being the act with their own money for himself , Vaattabrtha a golden opportunity to draw on the prefectural dissolution of this guardianship and trusteeship replaced Bishop of the Armenian Church .
So I asked Nazim Pasha date for his visit , and the answer was swift . At the time Sarah wore an abaya and brought down on her face Muffler on the body were women Baghdad at the time when they do go out into the street , and I took her aunt Sophie that she was standing at her side to reject the tutelage of Uncle syrup , and deported want to interview the governor in his home
.
It seems that the prestige of the governor and his looks old Sarah has silenced all talk at this meeting , Vetolt Aunt Sophie explain the issue to the governor , who listened in earnest .
After days of this meeting , the governor sent in the request Uncle syrup Taniel and his son ( Daniel ) and asked them to submit an account of the account of the legacy of Sarah .

Sarah Fastbashrt good , but give me that things went last , as the Baader Taniel to her cousin had one evening and said to her, a troubled , Nazim Pasha wants to be the wife of his private secretary Surin .

I imagined that Sarah Taniel is not serious and that he flirting with her, but he cut them when they went on this Znnounaa adorns her this marriage , and Aftrdth Osamath of prey speak what make you think that he will not come back .

However, he returned to it after two days to submit its offer last ( more attractive ) when he said that the governor wants her as his wife !
And refused to Sarah (W) Taniel this her and kicked him again , felt the governor that the boys Baghdadi did not have owned it from the influence and hit the ground running has rebelled against him without awe or fear , he took harassing them and trapping them , and if it escapes from one up to be second in they steadfastly awaited championship and courage , and found it to Pasha girl from a special kind of will and strong character
.
And instructed the governor to ( gendarmerie ) to break through her ​​house , Vtzlguet the wall that separates them from her neighbor German Consul in Baghdad (HSA ), which found that survival in his home may cause a diplomatic crisis , because it is no doubt that the governor dementia has no qualms about breaking into his home with immunity diplomacy , Venqlha immediately to the house of Mr. David Capt. ( nephew of Mr. Taleb Captain Captain supervision in Baghdad ) in the locality of Bab al-Sheikh in Baghdad , Vauaha Captain and provided it with full protection platform of principles of Islamic defending the oppressed and to stand by the right , and his magnanimity and Bred Arab in protecting ( intruder ) or refugee .

The governor did not dare to break into the house , Mr. Captain , because of the great respect he enjoys by all people , but that the governor distributed Gelaozath ( gendarmerie ) around the house to arrest Sarah when they leave the house .

And remained pleasant in Dar Mr. Capt. five days pondered the governor , during which the restraining them and hurt her , was arrested Khademta Sarah Lulu and unique fabricated charges void , and ordered the owners of small boats that operate Bamajazv ( Albulama ) and the owners of animals that are used in the movement to refrain from assisting them to move any of the Saúthm , as far fiance to Kirkuk to perform military service there , although paid for instead of cash , which was granted the right to perform military service in the residence .

Without a doubt , the story was leaked to the public media in Baghdad , and the songs originated and ( Bustat ) which includes indirect references to the behavior of the governor . And to stop the people of Baghdad , along with Sarah , and is unlikely to be Baghdadis may have linked the disposal of the governor Profile this and the position as governor of a foreign state -controlled Alyalarac and act Bmekdrath , and that is endowed with all the support of Sarah as a citizen of Iraqi to right injustice and oppression of the governor of a strange home. Nasr and the people of Baghdad to the governor Sarah twice :

Once out of the house when Mr. Captain is wearing riding cart ( pulled by two horses ) , as the censors of Mhaa ( gendarmerie ) who were deployed around the house .
When confronted her intentionally fabricated her arrest youth locality ( Bab al-Sheikh ) is dismissed him ( gendarmerie ) for wagon Sarah , and thus missed the opportunity they had that escaped from their hands .

The victory the people of Baghdad again when he tried cousin Taniel abduction is in the garden of her house overlooking the shore of the Tigris River by boat laid down at the park , she screamed and invoked its neighbors from farmers adjacent to her house , Vhbwa to the rescue with sticks and ( spatial ) and ( Almگawir ) fled Taniel whipped Do not twist on something .

The Sarah had deposited her jewelery with her ​​cousin Aftalapth that bring him back to it after him , which was what happened to her , Returned to it .

When Tfhsth found that one of the Juatmha invaluable does not exist.
As surveyed by him about his command told her that he is with the governor and that he holds it .
In spite of what is owned by the governor of the ability to dispose of things , a ( ruling ordering ) except that Sarah firmed heroically and was able to meet its procedures and Mzaiqath patiently and stiffness constant.

And settled her mind to retrieve the ring from this lover of dementia , were collected her family and asked them to Asahboha to the house of the governor to claim the ring and get it back from him , and had what she wanted .
It has prevailed in this meeting, an atmosphere of dread and fear and directed Basha ring from his pocket and said he looked to Sarah look mixed with the meaning of the threat angry : “Do you re- ring to you , O Sarah , or keep it at my place? ” She turned to Sarah and she replied boldly : ” If you , O Pasha want Osudaith the ring for what is beautiful to me than you , but if I wanted something else I regret that I refuse . ”

Basha suddenly swerved mien and his eyes turned red in anger and took the audience on a great fear of relatives .
Suddenly, Basha said : ” they went away .. Tomorrow I will send you the ring ,” and left the audience
.
Here, politics entered her side in this incident , as it was in Baghdad at the time of each of the members of the Party of Union and Progress and Freedom Party and the coalition and Nazim Pasha , who was one of the main members.

And took advantage of Union and Progress Party, the extreme discontent and indignation of the street -Baghdadi on the governor and his actions , and the magnanimity of the people of Baghdad , went on alert and their diet and staged protests to denounce Benazm Pasha , policies and organize a campaign against him and the Freedom Party and the Coalition .

Meanwhile, arrived in Baghdad Ismail Hakki two doors , two doors from the family of Al- Iraqi , known , in a campaign tour and the press as a newspaper reporter ( tinnitus ) known loyalty to the Party of Union and Progress .

Baban was briefed on the matter in order to clear faces up to expose the work of the governor on the pages of his newspaper or in Council envoys if he won membership , and systems to meet Sarah in the locality ( Alsapunjah ) in Baghdad. She met Sarah in Darclam Mr. Ismail Hakki Pasha Baban and briefed him on everything that has happened , I have found the rush of enthusiasm and increasing them what courage and toughness
.
He returned two doors to Istanbul to simplify the subject of Sarah there , and the deputies Iraq ( vice Mosul and Vice Baghdad , Diwaniyah , Karbala and Kirkuk ) in Council envoys Ottoman submit a report about what happened in this matter on 12 January to January and 6 February to February 1911 .
Talaat Pasha criticized Interior Minister Nazim Pasha on his behavior , waving to investigate and isolate Nazim Pasha
Hurried members of the Freedom Party and the Coalition to support Nazim Pasha and defend it in the newspaper ( Echo Babylon ) to its owner David Saljoh , and newspaper ( Riyadh ) to its owner Sulaiman al-Dakhil .
Baghdadi newspapers and taken other exchange position and opposition to Nazim Pasha .
That crap Nazim Pasha paid more to regression in his behavior after he sensed danger vow beset him , so he tries to get a medical report supported Sarah injury requires a mental illness and placed under guard .
The matter reached the ears of Sarah and I realized what it means that this procedure Nazim Pasha succeeded in doing , I took is preparing to get out of Baghdad and escape to any destination where immune from disposal.

So quick to escape from Baghdad with the help of the Sisters of the Monastery French nuns dressed in disguise , accompanied by a nun and a monk and nun Henriette Spanish Pierre .

All three were able to leave the locality ( village head ) , where the monastery is located , to the area ( laundry ) adjacent to the school Mustansiriya , and boarded a steamer from ships company Lange known that was anchored at the beach area , to go to Basra .

Sarah was what to get rid of the trouble until trouble intercepted another , because Basha was insisting that accrue .

That’s what that plan fail to even take the initiative to another , and Sarah was spared of any blockade Basha hit it regardless of its accuracy .

The eyes that has left the governor everywhere have succeeded in monitoring the movements of Sarah accurately.
Nazim Pasha knew that Sarah moved to Steamboat Company Lange , and this sent a number of ( gendarmerie ) to arrest them.
The henchmen tried to storm the governor vessel , but the captain to stop them , as carrying the British flag and a subsidiary of a foreign consulate . The vessels of these consulates enjoys diplomatic immunity Kalguensaliat affiliates.
Thus, the failure of the governor again in the arrest of Sarah .
The ship began to Basra , and orders were issued to the pilot that led full speed and without stopping in any city is going through .
The governor continued his attempts to catch the tyrant by the thought of another way .
It has tried to return from Basra claiming that the monastery of the Sisters of French nuns Sarah forced to abandon its doctrine of the Orthodox and Catholic convert who were those nuns .

Collaborated British consulate in Basra with the Russian Consul there to smuggle Sarah on one of the ships anchored in the Shatt al-Arab , which was preparing to go to the city of Pompeii .

And docked in the Iranian port of Bushehr in the Persian Gulf , and stayed there for some time under the auspices of Sir Percy Cox, the British Resident in Bushehr , which helped to send telegrams of protest to Istanbul , and the preservation of its property seized in Baghdad Nazim Pasha them.
And Sir Percy Cox issued a medical report being in favor of the safety of any mental illness , and that Rdaaly request consular Ottoman so, then left Sarah Bushehr to Bombay where settled for some time .

On March 17 – March 1911 is reported from Istanbul to isolate Nazim Pasha from the state of Baghdad . Three days after the boat went Nazim Pasha to Basra , and from there he went to Istanbul by Pompey . Did not forget while passing in that Pompey looking for Sarah . The management of British India felt about it , Voazat to Sara Khatun to disappear from sight for a period of despair pending Basha Almtsaba Vaegadr Pompey .

When she returned to her apartment after Sarah being sure of his , handed her a message left her home Nazim Pasha expressing ( love ) , I am enclosing a picture of him with it ! !
Following isolation of Nazim Pasha , systems Iraqi poet Jamil Sidqi Zahawi poem titled ( tyrant of Baghdad) , and in the following verses , including:

Ram grave insult to safeguard the girl is earned in chastity Achthara
Girl folk did not desecrate display them Bakbih are Sarat Christians
O great reformer Is that what he calls some of them ages
Oh humiliating Iraq Did you know that the people of Iraq are not jealous
Secret away to Thessaloniki us that the Quaaba virgins

Nazim Pasha took over the Ministry of War when he received Alaútlavion judgment on 22 July to July 1912 , then was killed after Ochehrmahdodh by demonstrators stormed the Porte during the Council of Ministers in the midst of defeats the Ottoman army during the Balkan wars of the first .

Sarah and I left Pompey to Paris where she married in 1913 from Taniel Ohaness Tateossian ( 1875-1922 ) , an Iraqi Armenian . After that put the First World War (1914-1918) ended, she returned to Baghdad with her husband , and took their wealth on their own sponsors .

The knighted her son Percy (born in Baghdad in 1922 and he died in 1987) was named after her gratitude shown by Sir Percy Cox , and her daughter named Sophie (born in Baghdad in 1917 and died there in 2002), the name of her mother and her aunt .
As her daughter was born and she called another Adma (born in Baghdad in 1919 and married in England, where she died 2006) .

Asrōha who tells a lot of stories about the generosity that exceeded reasonable to limit waste and extravagance , this came on the last fils extravagance of wealth , as well as the process of fraud that has been exposed. Having been informed maid stove and Bsaúgaha , and was organized by the invitations in her unique in Baghdad .

And characterized by Sara Khatun also supervising positions among compatriots who have suffered from the Armenian massacres of the Armenian Genocide by the Ottoman rulers in 1915 .

In this year , have been displaced convoy join the elite of intellectuals and prominent Armenians in Baghdad , among them Mr. and Mr. educator and director of the Armenian school in Baghdad Mehran Svajian who deserted to the top of the eye , where he died .
It also cited the Hagop Narcisaan , a linguist from Jerusalem and was a translator at the British Consulate in Baghdad , and Karnik Kiumajaan and others .
This was followed by a second convoy convoy of displaced people . Upon learning that Sarah is preparing to displace the third convoy of Armenians , have resorted to some notables and Arab mediation with the governor asked them to reverse the decision of displacement .
And the efforts of Sarah , were rescued members of the convoy and stopped the process of displacement of the Armenians .
In 1917 , she founded the Sara Khatun with a number of Armenian women in Baghdad Authority feminist Armenian Relief displaced by the Armenian massacres of the Armenian Genocide in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 , which claimed the lives of a million and a half million Armenians and leaving tens of thousands of displaced and homeless .
At the same time , Sarah Khatoon and her husband Taniel ( before he died in Paris in 1922 ) to distribute food and clothing to 20 thousand of the displaced Armenians in Iraq
.
And increasing the number of displaced Armenians , became the neighborhood ( Kemp Kilani ) No Istoabhm , Mmaastdaytdkhal Sarah Mrhokhry to for help , as it has in 1937, distributes its territory to meet with little money .

In order to prevent any exploitation , and ensures that the largest group of people on this land , did not sell any piece of land area of ​​more than 150 meters.
This was called the Armenian Quarter neighborhood (Sarah Alzenگana ) or ( Sarah Kemp ) .

Since 1938 , Sara Khatun provide clothing and stationery for all students in the school Almtafvin Armenians .
Despite the emergence of signs of the financial crisis , they have continued their work this charity for ten years without interruption
.
After worsening physical conditions strike major opportunity comes , as it lost in a single day , and after the scam was exposed , all you even have her home .
The people helping to visibly or backdoor .
The continued her maid and her driver sincere Profile serve unrequited until her death in December 5 – December 1960 .

And a description of the Apared Azadian the author ( memories of the Tigris ) and incident compiled by Sarah Khatoon in Baghdad after she lost her fortune , he said:
“In a summer day to the Grantor At two in the afternoon , and when I was driving my car caught a glimpse of Sara Khatun as she waited at a bus station bus , without being put hat protects the head from the sun.

It was an incredible sight . And she thought she could get heatstroke , has been overtaken , however, feel very bad about taking my conscience . How was I have been able to ignore Sara Khatun left her in this situation , and I am who I echo her name Supervisor always in my childhood , and decided to return to the station Nas and I told her : Lady Sarah , please , Sanqlkm my car to where you wish. Was her reply : Thank you and I have, Stdaig yourself .

I said to her : There is no harassment , and I hope very much that this does not reject accidental .
And I got out of the car and Qdtha it, and it was them sweat profusely ! !

On the way I told her : Lady Sarah , You do not know me .
I like myself and immigrants came to Baghdad, and with your support we have received moral and material , and I always feel a debt of gratitude gratitude towards your person , and you are proud of your work for the charity , became the Armenians of Baghdad .
There was no comment on any of them that my words .
When we arrived , I opened her car door . After I got out of the car, lifted her head and said to me : Thank you, Mr.
” .
It was a life full of Sara Khatun tragedies faced by all the toughness and courage , her brother has died at the age of five months before her birth . As she died , at the age of small , her mother and her little sister and her father , uncle and manipulate its wealth and was exposed to many difficulties after the prosecution of the governor Nazim Pasha her because of his love for her was rejected .
It also did not take her husband died ten years of marriage , and finally lost large amounts of wealth .

Sarah and deported from this world and its heart wrenching grief , she did not understand why it is equally cruel to this extent , which has always sought to do good for others .

Sara Khatun and occupies first place in the list of benefactors in the history of the Armenians in Baghdad , because it saved the Armenians of the Ottoman killings and helped displaced , and introduced a joy and pleasure at the same Almtafvin children . And Sarah was very loved and respected by everyone , and it was the Arabs perceive objects as a princess and Agelunha much. It also gained the respect of your tiles before the Iraqi

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Filed Under: Articles Tagged With: Ms. Armenian Iraqi thoroughbreds Baghdad, سارة خاتون، السيدة الارمنية العراقية الاصيلة Figures Sara Khatun

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