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Erdogan vows to recapture all lands once held by the Ottoman Empire VIDEO

February 21, 2018 By administrator

BY ROBERT SPENCER,

“We say at every opportunity we have that Syria, Iraq and other places in the geography [map] in our hearts are no different from our own homeland. We are struggling so that a foreign flag will not be waved anywhere where adhan [Islamic call to prayer in mosques] is recited.”

Apparently Erdogan means at the very least the recapture of all the lands once held by the Ottoman Empire. That’s not just Greece, as in the article title below. That’s also Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Israel, Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, and more. How seriously this can be taken is anybody’s guess, but it shouldn’t be dismissed out of hand. Erdogan is already moving against the Kurds in Syria, explicitly calling the action a “jihad” and invoking the Ottoman era repeatedly.

And “We are struggling so that a foreign flag will not be waved anywhere where adhan [Islamic call to prayer in mosques] is recited” refers to far more than just the old Ottoman domains. That means everywhere there are Muslims in Europe and everywhere else. The caliphate is, in Sunni Islamic theology, the sole legitimate government for Muslims on earth, to which all Muslims owe allegiance. Erdogan is saying more clearly than he ever has before, as far as I know, that he is going to restore the caliphate. And he is virtually promising war with the non-Muslim (at least for now) states of Europe.

How far we have come. Just a few years ago, mainstream analysts would dismiss my talk of jihad and the caliphate by pointing to Turkey as an example of how Islam can coexist with democracy, and confidently predicting that soon the rest of the Islamic world would follow Turkey’s lead. Now they don’t talk about Turkey so much anymore.

“Turkey Threatens to Invade Greece,” by Uzay Bulut, https://gagrule.net/turkey-threatens-invade-greece/, February 19, 2018:

…Referring to the days of the Ottoman Empire, Erdoğan went on:

“Those who think that we have erased from our hearts the lands from which we withdrew in tears a hundred years ago are wrong.

“We say at every opportunity we have that Syria, Iraq and other places in the geography [map] in our hearts are no different from our own homeland. We are struggling so that a foreign flag will not be waved anywhere where adhan [Islamic call to prayer in mosques] is recited.

“The things we have done so far [pale in comparison to the] even greater attempts and attacks [we are planning for] the coming days, inshallah [Allah willing].”…

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Filed Under: Articles Tagged With: Erdogan, land, ottoman empire

Erdogan admits that Turkey is the ‘continuation’ of the Ottoman Empire

February 21, 2018 By administrator

Harut Sassounian

By Harut Sassounian

Publisher, The California Courier

For many decades Turkish officials have outright denied the occurrence of the Armenian Genocide. In recent years, however, some Turks have made the excuse that today’s Turkish Republic is not responsible for the Armenian Genocide because it was committed by the Ottoman Empire, a defunct state.

With this pretext, the issue is no longer whether genocide was committed or not, but who is responsible for it. Those who use this justification, claim that the Republic of Turkey is neither the successor nor the continuation of the Ottoman Empire, but a new and separate state!

This argument has gradually grown weaker as Pres. Recep Tayyip Erdogan began speaking and acting as an Ottoman Sultan! Two weeks ago, the Turkish leader made matters worse for his country when he, according to The Times of London, asserted that “modern Turkey is a ‘continuation’ of the Ottoman Empire — a direct contradiction of Ataturk’s ideology, which cast the Imperial era as backwards, stale and to be discarded and forgotten rather than celebrated.”

By stating that Turkey is a ‘continuation’ of the Ottoman Empire, Erdogan effectively concedes that today’s Turkey is responsible for the actions of the Ottoman Empire. In other words, the Republic of Turkey, which inherited the Ottoman Empire’s assets, also inherited its liabilities!

To confirm his allegiance to the Ottoman dynasty, Erdogan attended a ceremony earlier this month to mark the centenary of the death of Sultan Abdulhamid II, the ‘Red Sultan,’ who has been rehabilitated by the current government. Erdogan conveniently ignored the fact that the Red Sultan had ordered the killing of 300,000 Armenians from 1894 to 1896, known as the Hamidian massacres. As reported by The Times of London, “The descendants of one of the last Ottoman sultans are to be given Turkish citizenship, ending almost a century of outcast and ostracism.”

According to The Times of London, “Abdulhamid II ruled from 1876 to 1909, and was much maligned in Kemal Ataturk’s modern Turkish republic for his authoritarianism, anti-Westernism and clampdowns on the media. Yet, in the era of President Erdogan he has been rehabilitated. A television series, ‘Payitaht’, which depicts the life of Abdulhamid in glowing terms has been lauded by Mr. Erdogan as essential viewing for Turkish youths to find out about their country’s history…. ‘We see Sultan Abdulhamid II as one of the most important, most visionary, most strategic-minded personalities who have put their stamps on the last 150 years of our state,’ Mr. Erdogan said. ‘We should stop seeing the Ottomans and the Republic as two eras that conflict with one another.’ Abdulhamid died in 1918 and at celebrations for the centenary this week, Turkish foreign minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said that he would personally oversee the granting of citizenships to the family.”

Arrogantly, Erdogan then warned that U.S. soldiers in Northern Syria would soon receive the ‘Ottoman slap,’ according to Reuters. He was “referring to a half-legendary Turkish martial move that involves a potent open-palm hit, resulting in a one-hit knockout or even skull fractures and death.” An illustration published by the pro-government Turkish media shows Pres. Donald Trump receiving an ‘Ottoman slap’ by Pres. Erdogan. Furthermore, Reuters quoted Turkish Foreign Minister Cavusoglu stating that Washington was backing the YPG [Kurdish forces in Syria] because it shared the same “Marxist, communist, atheist” ideology!

Returning to the issue of whether the Republic of Turkey is a brand new and separate entity from the Ottoman Empire, Prof. Alfred de Zayas, an international law expert, explained in an essay titled, “The Genocide against the Armenians 1915-1923 and the relevance of the 1948 Genocide Convention,” that a ‘successor state’ is responsible for the crimes committed by its predecessor regime. Moreover, a state that is a ‘continuation’ of a previous entity is even more responsible because there is no difference between the two, as admitted by Erdogan two weeks ago.

In addition, Alfred de Zayas quoted in his study Prof. M. Cherif Bassiouni stating that “In international law, the doctrine of legal continuity and principles of State responsibility make a ‘successor Government’ liable in respect of claims arising from a former government’s violations.” Prof. de Zayas concluded that “the claims of the Armenians for their wrongfully confiscated properties did not disappear with the change from the Sultanate to the regime of Mustafa Kemal.”

Finally, Prof. de Zayas affirmed that “the principle of responsibility of successor States has been held to apply even when the State and government that committed the wrongs were not that of the ‘successor State.’ This principle was formulated, inter alia, by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Lighthouse Arbitration case.”

We can conclude that Pres. Erdogan, by affirming that today’s Republic of Turkey is the continuation of the Ottoman Empire, has inadvertently admitted that Turkey is responsible for the genocidal, territorial and economic damages caused by the Ottoman Empire to the Armenian people. Erdogan’s confession should be presented as evidence when demands emanating from the Turkish Genocide of Armenians are submitted to the World Court.

Filed Under: Articles, Genocide Tagged With: admits, Erdogan, ottoman empire

Book: Germany and the Ottoman Empire, 1914-1918 Ulrich Trumpener

April 13, 2016 By administrator

j3157Questioning whether the Germans were actually as influential or dominant in the Ottoman empire as most standard works suggest, the author attacks the myths surrounding Turkey’s role in the war.

Originally published in 1968.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Paperback | 2015 | $56.50 | £42.95 | ISBN: 9780691622750

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Filed Under: Articles, Books Tagged With: 1914-1918, book, Germany, ottoman empire

Turkey Trying to Revive Ottoman Empire by Dividing Syria, Iraq – Damascus

November 27, 2015 By administrator

1030845362Ankara seeks to restore the disintegrated Ottoman Empire by dividing Syria and Iraq and turning them into Turkish protectorates, the Syrian information minister said.

DAMASCUS (Sputnik) – The Turkish leadership wants to split Syria up and destroy it in hopes of reviving the Ottoman Empire and its previous territories, Syrian Information Minister Omran al-Zoubi said.

“Turkey’s goal is to try and revive the Ottoman Empire that was earlier divided into provinces. There were the provinces of Damascus, Mosul, Aleppo, Jerusalem, Beirut, and so on, and it is this main goal that’s leading to the wish to divide Syria and Iraq into emirates or provinces that would exist under the protectorate of the empire and in its interests. These types of ambitions raise controversy with the United States,” al-Zoubi told RIA Novosti in an interview.

The information minister said that Ankara and its Western allies’ ambitions were put at risk after the Russian Aerospace Forces began their military air campaign in Syria.

“Russia’s active intervention unexpectedly changed the balance of powers. First, this is the actual existence, and second, [the West] wants to drive Russia out of the Arab world and make it an enemy of the region like Libya or Yemen,” al-Zoubi said.

West’s Real Goal in Syria is to Destroy the Country

“In 2015, the Syrian leadership, under the true support of Russia with President Vladimir Putin at the head, was able to reveal the West’s actual policy of wanting to destroy Syria using the slogan of peaceful settlement,” al-Zoubi told RIA Novosti.

The minister said that everything predicted by Damascus in 2015 has come true in that terror would spill beyond Syria’s borders.

“The pressure created by terrorists in the world should convince everyone that the fight against terrorism demands common coordinated efforts,” al-Zoubi said.

Russian forces have been conducting airstrikes against extremists in Syria since September 30, at the request of Syrian President Bashar Assad.

On Tuesday, a Russian Su-24 was downed by an air-to-air missile launched by a Turkish F-16 jet over Syrian territory, falling 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) from the Turkish border. Putin described the Turkish attack as a “stab in the back” carried out by “accomplices of terrorists.”

The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 and broken up in 1923. It encompassed current Syrian, Iraqi and Lebanese territories, among others.

Filed Under: Articles Tagged With: ottoman empire, revive, Turkey

Turkification of, what I did not finish Turkization

September 29, 2014 By administrator

Zeynep TOZDUMAN PictureBy: ZEYNEP TOZDUMAN 

BROTHERS WE HAVE NEVER HAVE,    (translation from Turkish also see Turkish version at the end)
Turkification of, what I did not finish Turkization

WE have NEVER BE BROTHERS
Minorities in the Ottoman Empire, the so-called -mesut and equally happy to have lived MaVal staring into our eyes still say emphatically.
On the one hand happy-happy lived say that, while the national education textbooks for minorities hate and racist crime in 2014’s Turkey stubbornly still processing … by the State very young and tender minds, schools and all areas of life in the non-stop hatred and racism with the poison is washable. Once upon a time in Anatolia, one of every four people in the region called, consisted of non-Muslims. According to the 1924 Treaty of Lausanne, today we have the so-called minorities (Armenians, Assyrians, Greeks and Jews), and beliefs of ancient peoples in the Ottoman Empire; in politics, government and see what the acquisition of goods, what they lived …

The Ottoman Empire; Asia, at the crossroads of Europe and Africa for nearly 600 years has been dominated by expansionist and assimilation policies; on social, economic, cultural and political history of the world have been involved in many areas is one of the empire. Ottoman expansionist policies and assimilation continued reign spanning nearly 600 years.

Reused, in the first period of the Ottoman Empire müsellem consisting of pedestrians and meet the needs of soldiers and is a method which is referenced in order to strengthen. Murad established during the supply of the Janissary troops before the young non-Muslim prisoners of war in accordance with the statutory pen- cik is utilized, but over time the reduction of conquest, Ankara stop for a while after the war because of the way have resorted to recruiting.

For this purpose, taking children from Christian subjects, Müslümanlaştırılıp palace and other services are used. Re-used as places of business are always the Ottoman Empire.

1 Mehmet Celebi for the first time (have killed his brother for the throne) timely implementation of this method, court services and trucking services for use in Christian children forcibly taken from their families was first re-established studies. II. Murat (before the throne after his uncle, brothers Ahmed Mustafa Çelebi, Yusuf and Mahmut has boğdurt). In the time this method was developed further ‘reused Law’ has been removed. Re-used words in this process was used for Christian children. II. Murat from the time this was carried out as a system. Christian children, as well as prisoners of war captured in children, II. Murata established during “Janissaries,” called on the stove as they grew, the number is greater when Turkish and Turkish-Islamic traditions to learn in Anatolia to their families is given, then the Muslim families, these children by taking various jobs employment would have been.

Fatih Sultan Mehmet (the throne boğdurt for the sake of a brother was in swaddling clothes). time, this system was operated by the janissaries network. Children will be recruited primarily from Christian villages were selected. Villages and towns were made is called. How many towns and villages in which the child taken, and the fact that Islamisation was predetermined. In these places, and in the Enderun re-justification, religious and positive sciences etiquette to hold the system itself ought to be until it reaches every subject was given training and education. Back in the first period, which is planned to be used in the service of Christian children, due to their ability and success at every level then was given the task.

Forcibly removed from their families of these children; Muslim and Turkish culture as well as being taught the Koran, wrestling, running, rapier, shoot arrows, etc. was taught in cultural activities such as. Re grown here are; captain-i Derya, queens, banners gentleman, as big as a queen-i-Azam was raised as dignitaries. Anything can happen, but they were re-assigned from studies of ethnic and religious identities would not exist.

Children living in Anatolia at the beginning of the Christian; pastors, parents and baptized there were books. Baptism books, children would be choosing to believe that they are Christians. (Ottoman period in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as subsequent batches could be re-Islamization ones) where a committee established by the children had passed a medical check. Slaves to market … Boy, physical appearance, teeth are checked; Hot boys were sent to the central government in convoys. Recruited children who were brought to Istanbul in major security measures. Here’s tolerance shown to minorities in the Ottoman Empire …
Selected young children in groups of 100 to 200 “Rookie of the boys” were called. These children gathered in a central, to the Ottoman Turks converted to Islam with the so-called tolerance is grown according to the customs and traditions, handsome boys, which was used in the palace service. Reused according to the law of each one of his children Christian families to the Ottoman government was forced to. Like to give the children of families did not have a chance otherwise, was sentenced. In this system, “in Selected If you have been married, they would not have recruited.” Collected with a complete slave mentality, these children hold jobs in the palace gardens of the sultan’s various works to be seen, bakery, blacksmith, sailing, carpentry, gardening until it reaches such works were executed in a very large area.

Be re-cultivating the “Palace School” called “Enderun” was also used. The children taken to the Inner Palace, rather than smart and talented recruits Malard be able to enter into the state machine. Intelligence and skills of gifted children in the state’s most influential bodies, the audit was also appointed without hand. However, in the palace “Small Room, Large Room” places like, where they are trained in the first place be reused.

In this land of denial and assimilation policy, with the Republic of Turkey has not begun. From the Ottoman Empire, from even before the first spread of Islam until today (on the basis that the State continuity) continues.

With this system, the sway of the Ottoman Empire, so that the sword of Islam everywhere in the Turkish-Muslim population increased was happening. This law was determined depending on the needs. Usually 8 to 10, 18 to 15 to 20 years of age, these children were taken. Towards the end of the 16th century, together with the weakening of the Ottoman Empire began to deteriorate recruiting system. Be reused highest level of the system is the process by which the 17th century. In the mid 18th century, re-conditioning system was completely removed. In the 18th century, especially in Western Armenia in the area called Kurdistan, the Pontic Greeks called the Black Sea region and the Tur Abdin in the area called, 1842-1844 Çölemerik (Hakkari) Nestorian massacres started with the process in the 1890s Hamidie through the establishment of and İttihat- Progress continued with the mindset, and beliefs of the ancient people of this country to completely destroy are made ​​on the slaughter. Some of the survivors of the carnage, just as in Ottoman Turkish-Islamic synthesis or an appropriately trained to live in the regions where the number above the name of religion have changed society.

In 1915 genocide of Armenians, Pontic Greeks Syriac boys left, right, same mentality, ethnic and religious cultures have been destroyed. 1,915 victims in these children grow up according to the Turkish and Muslim culture, this time for “return,” he nitelenerek age limit were generally kept under 14-12.

In the Ottoman Empire was re-elected by the people, especially in Anatolia studies. The majority of these children in the Balkans; Albanians, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Greeks, Serbs and Bosnians in Anatolia Kurds, Persians, Russians, Jews, Armenians, Assyrians and Greeks were from subjects .. But they are especially preferred and Christian, as a gender boys were being more preferred.

1924 with the Balkans and the island brought from Turkey and the Kurdish region in the early Islam began to spread in the period, especially the genocide living in areas currently living genes map to take a look our chances though what interests who knows? (For example, in Mardin Mıhelmi 300 years ago, the ancestors of Syrian thought that if!) Experienced massacres, periodic mass apostasy hold the massacre of the surviving orphans, ethnic and religious identity of the destruction of a systematic way of assimilation and denial policy continues. Perhaps Pofa. Dr. In an article Baskin Oran-born Turkish origin living in Turkey at around 2% of the is that.

Number of about 70 thousand finds minorities in their own homeland, the land still live in the pigeon timidity.

These days the anti democratic education system; Kurdish people, Alevis, Arabs, Circassians, Bosnians, Turks and non-Sunni minorities, everyone shoots. Minorities hit the case altogether. Open mind as to one-two minority schools, foundations, giving a portion of their land, the system is oriental cunning. 70,000 comes from the hands of the minority will be completely Turkization. In particular, the AKP began the process of academic and scientific education in the education system are falling rapidly.

Which ran from the Ottoman conquest to conquest, even in times of anlı- glorious Christian peoples never had to live like brothers … brother to the throne of his own self boğdurt ba an Ottoman mentality, a brotherhood of Christian peoples How do you live? Now that we have brothers why the Turkish and non-Muslim ethnic and religious identities were changed? Why did the Turkish and non-Muslim brothers churches, monasteries, chapels, synagogues, mosques and minarets of sinogo could not be greater than? We have brothers! Why the houses of Christians from Muslims could not be higher? We have brothers! Why in the name of Christian crosses from the tax were getting? Brother why we did not eat in the house of a Christian and Kizilbash? Brother why we were sending them to exile and deportation? How the language of a fraternity brother that always prohibited? Why the sound of bells was forbidden since you have siblings? We have brothers! Why does it always was murdering them? Does your brother to brother Stocks?

We never have to be brothers. Turkifying Brotherhood has a secret plan in the word. This day the same pain as well as Muslim minorities are being made to the Kurdish people.

In short, non-Sunni Turks in this country, the right to life no, no, no …

Zeynep TOZDUMAN

Bibliography;
About one-Uzunçarşılı ‘reused’, IE, c.3, Eskişehir 1997, s.563
2 All aspects of the Assyrians / Muzaffar Iris

Zeynep TOZDUMAN

Bibliography;
About one-Uzunçarşılı ‘reused’, IE, c.3, Eskişehir 1997, s.563
All aspects of the Assyrians 52 2 / Muzaffar Iris

Turkish Version:

ZEYNEP TOZDUMAN

TÜRKLEŞTİRE, TÜRKLEŞTİRE BİTİREMEDİKLERİMİZ

                                BİZLER ASLA KARDEŞ OLMADIK

Osmanlı’da azınlıklar, sözde mutlu -mesut ve eşit bir şekilde yaşadılar mavalını gözlerimizin içine baka baka ısrarla hala söylüyorlar.

Bir yandan mutlu-mesut yaşattıklarını söylüyorlar, öte yandan milli eğitimin ders kitaplarında azınlıklar için nefret ve ırkçılık suçu 2014 Türkiye’sinde inatla hala işleniyor… Devlet eliyle körpecik beyinler, okullarda ve hayatın her alanında durmaksızın nefret ve ırkçılık zehriyle yıkanıyor. Bir zamanlar Anadolu denilen coğrafyada her dört kişiden biri, Müslüman olmayan halklardan oluşuyordu. 1924 Lozan Antlaşmasına göre bugün azınlık diye tabir ettiğimiz ( Ermeniler, Süryaniler, Rum ve Yahudiler ) kadim halklar ve inançlar Osmanlıda; siyasette, yönetimlerde ve mal edinmede bakın neler , neler yaşadılar…

Osmanlı Devleti; Asya, Avrupa ve Afrika’nın kesişme noktasında yaklaşık 600 yıl boyunca yayılmacı ve asimilasyon politikalarıyla hüküm sürmüş; içtimai, iktisadi, kültürel ve siyasi pek çok alanda dünya tarihinde yer almış imparatorluklardan biridir. Osmanlı, yayılmacı ve asimilasyon politikalarıyla yaklaşık 600 yıla yayılan bir saltanat sürdürmüştür.

 Devşirme, Osmanlı Devleti’nin ilk dönemlerde sadece yaya ve müsellemlerden oluşan asker ihtiyacını karşılamak ve güçlendirmek maksadıyla başvurulmuş bir yöntemdir. I.Murad döneminde kurulan Yeniçeri Ocağına asker temini için önce pençik kanuni gereğince Müslüman olmayan genç savaş esirlerinden faydalanılmış, fakat zamanla fetihlerin azalması, Ankara Savaşından sonra da bir süre durması yüzünden devşirme yoluna başvurulmuştur.

Bu amaçla Hıristiyan tebaadan çocuklar alınarak, Müslümanlaştırılıp sarayda ve diğer hizmetlerde kullanılmıştır. Devşirme işinin yapıldığı yerler ise hep Osmanlı topraklarıdır.

İlk kez 1. Mehmet Çelebi (Tahta çıkmak için kardeşlerini öldürmüştür)  zamanında uygulanan bu yöntemle, saray hizmetleri ve bostancılık hizmetlerinde kullanılmak üzere Hıristiyan çocukları ailelerinden zorla alınarak ilk devşirmeler oluşturulmuştur. II. Murat ( Tahta çıkmak için önce amcası Mustafa Çelebi’yi sonra kardeşleri Ahmet, Yusuf ve Mahmut’u boğdurtmuştur). Zamanında ise bu yöntem daha da geliştirilerek ‘’Devşirme Kanunu’’ çıkarılmıştır. Devşirme kelimesi bu süreçte Hıristiyan çocukları için kullanılıyordu. II. Murat zamanından itibaren de bu bir sistem olarak yürütülmüştür. Hıristiyan çocukların yanı sıra savaşlarda ele geçirilen esir çocuklarda, II. Murat zamanında kurulan “Yeniçeri Ocağı” denilen ocakta yetiştirildikleri gibi, sayıları fazla olduğu zamanlarda Türkçeyi ve Türk-İslam geleneklerini öğrenmek üzere Anadolu’daki ailelerin yanına verilir, sonra Müslüman ailelerden bu çocuklar alınarak muhtelif işlerde istihdam edilirdi.

Fatih Sultan Mehmet  (Taht uğruna kundaktaki kardeşi Ahmet’i boğdurtmuştur) .        zamanında, bu sistem yeniçeri ağası tarafından işletiliyordu. Devşirilecek çocuklar öncelikle Hıristiyan köylerinden seçilirdi. Köy ve kasabalara çağrılır yapılırdı. Hangi kasaba ve köyden kaç tane çocuğun alınıp, Müslümanlaştırılacağı aslında önceden belirlenirdi. Bu yerlerde ve Enderun’da devşirmelere, görgü kurallarından tutunda dini ve müspet ilimlere varıncaya kadar sistemin kendisine lâzım olacak her konuda eğitim ve öğretim veriliyordu. İlk dönemlerde geri hizmetlerde kullanılması planlanan Hıristiyan çocuklara, yetenekleri ve başarılarından ötürü daha sonra her kademede görev verildi.

Ailelerinden zorla koparılan bu çocuklara; Müslüman ve Türk Kültürü öğretilmesinin yanı sıra Kuran-ı Kerim, güreş, koşu, meç, ok çekme v.b. gibi kültürel faaliyetlerde öğretilirdi. Buralarda yetişen devşirmeler; kaptan-ı derya, vezir, sancak beyi, vezir-i âzam gibi büyük devlet adamları olarak yetiştirilirdi. Devşirmeler her şey olabilirlerdi ama atadan gelen etnik ve dini kimlikleriyle var olamazdı.

Anadolu’da yaşayan Hristiyan çocukların başında; papazlar , babalar ve vaftiz defterleri bulunurdu. Vaftiz defterleri, çocukları seçerken Hristiyan olduklarına kanaat getirmek için tutulurdu. (Osmanlı döneminde, Bosna- Hersek’de olduğu gibi sonradan toplu halde müslümanlaşanlardan devşirme alınmıyordu) Burada kurulan bir komisyon tarafından çocuklar tıbbi bir kontrolden geçirilirdi. Adeta köle pazarı …Boylarına, fiziksel görünüşlerine, dişlerine bakılır; beğenilen çocuklar kafileler halinde hükumet merkezine gönderilirdi. Devşirilen çocuklar, büyük güvenlik tedbirleri içinde İstanbul’a getirilirdi.  İşte Osmanlıda azınlıklara gösterilen hoşgörü…

Seçilen bu genç çocuklar 100- 200 kişilik gruplar halinde ”Acemi Oğlanı” diye anılırlardı. Bir merkezde toplanan bu çocuklar, Osmanlı’nın sözde hoşgörüsüyle Müslümanlaştırılmak üzere Türk örf ve adetlerine göre yetiştirilir, yakışıklı olan oğlanlar saray hizmetlerinde kullanılırdı. Devşirme kanununa göre her Hristiyan aile kendi çocuklarından birini Osmanlı hükumetine vermek zorundaydı. Ailelerin çocuklarını vermeme gibi bir şansı yoktu aksi halde cezaya çarptırıldı. Bu sistemde”Seçilenler içinde evli olan varsa, bunlar devşirilmezdi”. Tam bir köle zihniyetiyle toplanan bu çocuklar, sarayda bahçe işlerinden tutun da padişahın çeşitli işlerinin görülmesine, fırıncılık, demircilik, gemicilik, marangozluk, bahçıvanlık gibi işlere varıncaya kadar çok geniş bir alanda çalıştırılırlardı.

Devşirmelerin yetiştirilmesi “Saray Okulu” denen “Enderun” da yapılmıştır. Enderun’a alınan çocuklar daha ziyade, devlet mekanizmasına girebilecek zeki ve kabiliyetli devşirmelerdi.  Zeka ve beceri konusunda üstün yetenekli çocuklar devletin en etkili organlarında, denetimi de elden bırakmadan görevlendirilirdi. Bununla birlikte sarayda bulunan “Küçük Oda, Büyük Oda” gibi yerler, devşirmelerin ilk etapta eğitim gördükleri yerlerdir.

Bu topraklarda inkar ve asimilasyon politikası, Cumhuriyet Türkiye’siyle başlamamıştır. Osmanlıdan, hatta daha önceden İslamiyetin ilk yayılışından günümüze değin (Devlette devamlılık esasıyla) devam etmektedir.

Bu sistemle Osmanlının yani İslamın kılıcının sallandığı her yerde Türk- Müslüman nüfusta artırılmış oluyordu. Bu, kanun ihtiyacına göre saptanıyordu. Genellikle 8- 10, 15- 18- 20 yaşlarında alınıyordu bu çocuklar. 16. Yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Osmanlının zayıflamasıyla birlikte devşirme sistemi bozulmaya başladı. Devşirme sistemin en yüksek seviyeye çıktığı süreç ise 17. yüzyıldır. 18. Yüzyılın ortalarında ise devşirme sistemi tamamen ortadan kaldırıldı.  18 yüzyılda özellikle Batı Ermenistan denilen bölgede, Kürdistan’da, Pontus Rum adı verilen Karadeniz bölgesi ve Turabdin denilen bölgede, 1842-1844 Çölemerik ( Hakkâri) Nasturi katliamlarıyla başlayan süreç 1890’lı yıllarda Hamidiye Alayların kurulmasıyla ve İttihat- Terakki ile devam eden zihniyet, bu ülkenin kadim halklarını ve inançlarını tamamen yok etmek üzerine yapılan kıyımlardır. Bu kıyımlardan sağ kurtulanlardan bazıları tıpkı Osmanlıda olduğu gibi Türk-İslam sentezine uygun bir şekilde yetiştirilmiş  ya da yukarıda adını saydığımız coğrafyalarda yaşamak için toplu din değiştirmişlerdir.

1915 Ermeni- Süryani- Pontus Rum soykırımında ise sağ bırakılan erkek çocukları, aynı zihniyetle etnik ve dini kültürleri yok edilmiştir. 1915 kurbanı bu çocuklarda Türk ve Müslüman kültürüne göre yetişmesi için bu kez ”’dönme ” diye nitelenerek yaş sınırını genelde 14- 12’nin altında tutmuşlardır.

Osmanlıda devşirmeler özellikle Anadolu’daki halklardan seçiliyordu. Bu çocukların çoğunluğu Balkanlarda; Arnavut, Bulgar, Macar, Yunan, Sırp ve Bosnalılar, Anadolu’da Kürt, Acem, Rus, Yahudi, Ermeni, Süryani ve Rum tebaasındandı.. Ama özellikle Hristiyan olmaları tercih edilip, cinsiyet olarak erkek çocuklar daha çok tercih ediliyordu.

1924 mübadelesi ile Balkanlardan ve adalardan getirilen Türklerin, Kürt coğrafyalarında ise İslamın ilk yayılmaya başladığı dönemlerde, özellikle soykırım yaşayan bölgelerde şu anda yaşayanların gen haritasına bir bakma şansımız olsa neler çıkar kim bilir? ( Örneğin Mardin’deki Mıhelmilerin 300 yıl önce atalarının Süryani oldukları düşünülürse !) Yaşanan katliamlardan, dönem dönem toplu din değiştirmelerinden tutun da katliamlardan sağ kalan yetimlerin etnik ve dini kimliklerin yok edilmesine kadar sistematik bir şekilde asimilasyon ve inkar politikaları devam ediyor. Belkide Pof. Dr. Baskın Oran bir makalesinde Türkiye’de yaşayan orjin asıllı Türklerin %2 civarında demesi bundandır.

Sayıları yaklaşık 70 bini bulan azınlıklar, kendi anayurdu olan bu topraklarda hala güvercin ürkekliğinde yaşıyorlar.

Bu gün uygulanan anti demokratik eğitim sistemi; Kürt halkını, Alevileri, Arapları, Çerkezleri, Boşnakları, azınlıkları Türk ve Sünni olmayan herkesi vuruyor. Azınlıkları ise hepten vurmuş durumda. Aklı sıra bir- iki azınlık okulu açmakla, vakıf arazilerinin bir kısmını vermekle sistem, şark kurnazlığı yapmaktadır. Ellerinden gelse 70.000 azınlığı da tamamen Türkleştirecekler.  Özellikle AKP süreciyle başlayan eğitim sisteminde akademik ve bilimsel eğitimden hızla uzaklaşılmaktadır.

Osmanlı fetihten fetihe koştuğu anlı- şanlı dönemlerinde bile Hristiyan halklarla asla kardeş gibi yaşamadı…Tahta geçmek için kendi öz be öz kardeşlerini boğdurtan bir Osmanlı zihniyeti, Hristiyan halklarla nasıl bir kardeşlik yaşayabilir sizce?  Madem kardeştik neden Türk ve Müslüman olmayanların etnik ve dini kimlikleri değiştiriliyordu? Kardeştik de Türk ve Müslüman olmayan tebaanın neden kilise, manastır, şapel, havra ve sinogoların minare boyları camilerden büyük olamazdı? Kardeştik! Neden Hristiyanların evleri Müslümanlardan daha yüksek olamazdı? Kardeştik! Neden Hristiyanlardan aşar adı altında vergi alıyorduk? Kardeştik neden bir Hristiyan ve Kızılbaşın evinde yemek yemiyorduk? Kardeştik de neden onları sürgün ve tehcire gönderiyorduk? Nasıl bir kardeşlik ki hep yasaklanan kardeşimizin dili? Madem kardeştik neden Çan sesleri yasaklanıyordu? Kardeştik! Neden hep onlar katlediyordu? Kardeş kardeşe kıyar mı hiç?

Bizler asla kardeş olmadık. Kardeşlik kelimesinin içindeki gizli bir plandı Türkleştirmek. Bu gün aynı acılar azınlıkların yanı sıra Müslüman Kürt halkına da yapılmaktadır.

Kısacası, bu ülkede Sünni Türk olmayanlara yaşam hakkı yok, yok, yok…

ZEYNEP TOZDUMAN

 Kaynakça;

1-Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, ‘’Devşirme’’, İA, c.3, Eskişehir 1997,s.563

2- Bütün yönleriyle Süryaniler/ Muzaffer İris

Filed Under: Articles, Genocide Tagged With: ottoman empire, turkification

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