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Federal Judge Rules Against N.S.A. Phone Data Program

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WASHINGTON — A Federal District Court judge ruled on Monday that the National Security Agency program that is systematically keeping records of all Americans’ phone calls most likely violates the Constitution, and he ordered the government to stop collecting data on two plaintiffs’ personal calls and destroy the records of their calling history.

In a 68-page ruling, Judge Richard J. Leon of the District of Columbia called the program’s technology “almost Orwellian” and suggested that James Madison, the author of the Constitution, would be “aghast” to learn that the government was encroaching on liberty in such a way.

“I cannot imagine a more ‘indiscriminate’ and ‘arbitrary’ invasion than this systematic and high-tech collection and retention of personal data on virtually every single citizen for purposes of querying and analyzing it without prior judicial approval,” Judge Leon wrote. “Surely, such a program infringes on ‘that degree of privacy’ that the founders enshrined in the Fourth Amendment.”

Judge Leon stayed his injunction “in light of the significant national security interests at stake in this case and the novelty of the constitutional issues,” allowing the government time to appeal it, a matter that he said could take some six months.

Vanee Vines, a spokeswoman for the N.S.A., had no immediate comment on the ruling by Judge Leon, a 2002 appointee of President George W. Bush.

The ruling is the first successful legal challenge brought against the program since it was revealed in June after leaks by the former N.S.A. contractor Edward J. Snowden. It was brought by several plaintiffs led by Larry Klayman, a conservative public-interest lawyer. The American Civil Liberties Union has filed a similar lawsuit in the Southern District of New York.

In a statement distributed by the journalist Glenn Greenwald, who was a recipient of leaked documents from Mr. Snowden and who wrote the first article about the bulk data collection, Mr. Snowden hailed the ruling.

“I acted on my belief that the N.S.A.’s mass surveillance programs would not withstand a constitutional challenge, and that the American public deserved a chance to see these issues determined by open courts,” Mr. Snowden said. “Today, a secret program authorized by a secret court was, when exposed to the light of day, found to violate Americans’ rights. It is the first of many.”

Though long and detailed, the ruling is not a final judgment, but rather a preliminary injunction to stop the data collection while the plaintiffs pursued the case. It turned on whether there was a substantial likelihood that they would ultimately succeed and whether they would suffer substantial harm in the meantime.

But Judge Leon left little doubt about his view.

“The question that I will ultimately have to answer when I reach the merits of this case someday is whether people have a reasonable expectation of privacy that is violated when the government, without any basis whatsoever to suspect them of any wrongdoing, collects and stores for five years their telephony metadata for purposes of subjecting it to high-tech querying and analysis without any case-by-case judicial approval,” he wrote. “For the many reasons set forth above, it is significantly likely that on that day, I will answer that question in plaintiffs’ favor.”

In laying out his conclusion, Judge Leon rejected the Obama administration’s argument that a 1979 case, Smith v. Maryland, meant that there is no Fourth Amendment protections for call metadata — information like the numbers called and received and the date, time and duration of the call, but not the content.

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, which secretly approved the N.S.A. program after hearing arguments from only the Justice Department, has maintained that the 1979 decision is a controlling precedent that shields the program from Fourth Amendment review. But Judge Leon said the scope of the program and the way people use phones today distinguishes the N.S.A. data collection from the type at issue in that case.

“Put simply, people in 2013 have an entirely different relationship with phones than they did 34 years ago,” he wrote. “Records that once would have revealed a few scattered tiles of information about a person now reveal an entire mosaic — a vibrant and constantly updating picture of the person’s life.”

Judge Leon also emphasized that he was unpersuaded by the government’s claims that the program served the public interest, pointedly noting that it failed to cite “a single instance in which analysis of the N.S.A.’s bulk metadata collection actually stopped an imminent attack, or otherwise aided the government in achieving any objective that was time-sensitive.”

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/17/us/politics/federal-judge-rules-against-nsa-phone-data-program.html?hp

‘Turkey sent 47 tons of arms into Syria’ UN report.

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By: pressTV

Turkey has sent over 47 tons of weaponry to the foreign-sponsored militants operating inside Syria since June, according to a UN report.

Screen Shot 2013-12-16 at 6.14.59 AMBased on data from the UN Commodity Trade Statistics Database (UN Comtrade), Turkey sent different amounts of guns, including shotguns and hunting rifles, to the militants, with the highest reaching nearly 29 tons in September alone.

Turkish Foreign Ministry spokesman Levent Gumrukcu initially denied the statistics, but later confirmed that the UN figures were based on previous records from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK).

In November, Turkish security forces confiscated a truck carrying nearly 1,000 rocket heads in the southern city of Adana near the Syrian border.

At the time, the Adana governor claimed that the operation proved Turkey was not supporting radical groups in Syria.

Also in November, Turkish authorities seized a large quantity of chemicals on the country’s border with Syria, stating that the chemicals “could be transformed into weapons.”

Turkey’s army said in a statement that a convoy of three vehicles attempted to smuggle the chemicals across the border near the southeastern town of Reyhanli.

According to the United Nations, more than 100,000 people have been killed and millions of others displaced due to the crisis that erupted in Syria nearly three years ago.

‘Whole families murdered’: Syrian rebels execute over 80 civilians outside Damascus (Video)

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By: RT Report

Over 80 civilians in a town northwest of the Syrian capital of Damascus have been executed by Islamist rebels, sources within the Syrian military told RT. Many others were kidnapped to be used as human shields.

Government forces are continuing a large-scale operation against Jabhat al-Nusra and Liwa Al-Islam fighters, who captured the town earlier this week. The area is located some 20 kilometers away from Damascus.

According to SANA news agency, around 1,000 militants were in the town when it was enveloped by the army on Friday.

The military sources said the “armed groups have performed an execution of civilians” in Adra, RT Arabic correspondent Abutaleb Albohaya reported from Syria.

“For now it’s established that over 80 people were killed in the areas now taken over by the army. Often whole families were murdered,” he said.

The number of executed civilians is expected to rise after government troops manage to recover the rest of the town – which has a population of around 20,000 – from the Islamists, the military source added.

“Some families were kidnapped in order to be used as human shields in areas where the Syrian army is now trying to free the civilians,” Albohaya stressed. Iraqi Al-Ahd television says this is the reason the Syrian army is abstaining from using artillery on Sunday.

“The military sources also said that the other kidnapped families were moved to the area south of Adra in the direction of the town of Douma, which has been the opposition’s strategic backland since the start of the Syrian crisis [in March, 2011]. It’s also where the most important rebel fortifications are situated,” Albohaya said.

The rebel presence remains strong in Adra, with “snipers entrenched in high-rise buildings,” he added. “Many opposition militant groups are still acting in areas outside and within the town.”

The army’s special forces have performed several successful operations against those groups, which have resulted in the deaths of dozens of militants, the military source said.

The military is storming every house and has already freed dozens of Alawite, Druze, and Christian families from the rebels, Al-Ahd reported.

The government troops have cornered a highway leading to the international airport in Damascus, which is situated four kilometers away from Adra.

The military does not exclude the possibility that militants will break through the blockade in this direction, putting the nearby town of Dahiyat al Asad in danger, according to Al-Ahd.

‘People toasted in ovens’

What the Islamist rebels did when they entered Adra on Wednesday morning was a “massacre,” one a local resident told RT.

“The situation was terrible – with killing, atrocities, and fear as the background. Unidentified armed men came into town, but it was obvious that they were Jabhat al-Nusra militants,” Muhammad Al-Said said.

“The worst crime they committed was that they toasted people in ovens used to bake bread when those people came to buy it. They kidnapped and beat up many,” he added.

According to Al-Said, the rebels committed the atrocities so they could place blame on government forces.

But the resident said that Adra citizens are “waiting for Syrian troops to save us from the terrorists, who came from other countries.”

“Those, who could, fled to Damascus. Some hid in the basement, with infants, the elderly, women, and sick people among them. The situation was really terrible,” Al-Said said.

Geopolitical analyst Patrick Henningsen sees foreign encouragement of rebel forces as one of the reasons behind the Adra tragedy.

“What it does indicate… is that there is involvement by the western intelligence agencies that have links to some of those radical jihadist groups,” Henningsen told RT. “And that has been proven throughout history and is also the case today. The first thing that needs to happen for any peace talks to succeed is that Western governments cannot be involved in any way, shape or form, either through proxies or through the intelligence agencies or third parties in arming, financing, giving aid of any kind to the Syrian opposition.”

Meanwhile, an estimated 76 people, including 24 children were killed when the Syrian government reportedly launched a series of airstrikes in rebel-held districts throughout the northern industrial city of Aleppo. Helicopters dropped barrels containing TNT explosives on anywhere between 6 and 10 districts, leveling shops, entire apartment complexes and sections of roads. It was reportedly the worst bombing raid on rebel-held territory in over 6 months.

Aleppo, Syria’s largest city by population and one time commercial hub, is now divided between areas occupied by troops loyal to President Bashar al-Assad and rebel fighters.

Large swaths of the city have been decimated after rebels launched a major offensive in July 2012.

The bloody civil war has been raging in Syria for almost three years. According to UN estimates, over 100,000 people have lost their lives in the conflict.

It’s Putin vs Bandar Bush on the Syrian chessboard

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By Pepe Escobar, from RT

putin and bandar bushEveryone remembers the spectacular four-and-a-half hour meeting last August in Moscow between President Putin and Bandar Bush – aka Bandar bin Sultan, Saudi Arabia’s Director of National Intelligence.

Well, there was a remix last week, also in Moscow. And once again in absolute secrecy, until a formidable leak from “a close and reliable source” in Russia reached Lebanese newspaper al-Manar.

Bandar Bush’s first offensive was a disaster; not only did Putin rebuff his attempt to “bribe” Moscow into abandoning Damascus, but subsequently Russia was pivotal in preventing the Obama administration from bombing Syria.

Now Bandar Bush has “offered” softer terms. After all, Saudi Arabia is on board with the Geneva-2 peace conference scheduled for January 22 – although it didn’t used to be. President Bashar Assad may remain in Damascus during this period, but real power should be transferred to an interim government headed by the “opposition” (which opposition is open to speculation; certainly the “rebels” controlled by Riyadh).

Moreover, Bandar Bush expects Russia to pressure Assad not to call for a 2014 presidential election. According to the Syrian constitution, a new constitution should be written and approved during the interim government and only then elections should be called – with Assad excluded. If Moscow abides, Saudi Arabia will be more than willing to “contribute” to the cost of rebuilding Syria (which it helped destroy via financed/weaponized mercenaries).

Leaving aside the mind-boggling spectacle of the House of Saud’s medieval paradise dictating the terms for the future of a third country,

President Putin’s answer can be summarized as a model of restraint.

The “opposition” armed and financed by Saudi Arabia and Qatar is on a losing streak. Saudi support for the opposition has nothing to do with democracy; these “rebels” are in fact terrorists.

Neither Damascus nor Moscow needs Saudi funds to rebuild Syria; Russia, Iran and China will do the job. Moreover, Russia and the US reached an understanding that takfiri terrorism is a danger not only to American security, but to Russian and global security. The Europeans – fearful of returnee terrorists – also agree.

As the cherry on the sundae, Putin suggested to Bandar Bush to abandon “sectarian instigations and supporting terrorism, because it is a double edged sword that will rebound inside Saudi Arabia and gather momentum in a manner that you will not be able to control.”

Geneva II: Dead on arrival

Does all of this mean Bandar Bush will desist from his non-stop shadow play and role of enforcer of the House of Saud’s jihad on Syria? Far from it.

A few days after the Putin-Bandar Bush get-together, the supreme commander of the Washington-backed Free Syrian Army (FSA), self-described ‘General Doctor Engineer’ Salim Idris, was forced to flee Syria after the Islamic Front – Bandar Bush’s brigades – took over the headquarters and warehouses of Idris’ Supreme Military Council (SMC) at the Bab al-Hawa crossing near the Turkish border. Washington immediately announced it was freezing all “non-lethal aid.”

The Islamic Front is a coalition of Islamist “rebels” that – in theory – do not include the two top al-Qaeda-linked outfits, Jabhat al-Nusra and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). Washington believes its own propaganda that the Islamic Front is more “moderate” than the ISIL.

After the debacle at Bab al-Hawa, Idris’ followers started spinning that the General Doctor Engineer himself invited the Saudi-backed Islamic Front to take over the warehouses.

No wonder US Think-Tank-Land was as perplexed as crocodiles in the Hindu Kush; after all, the General Doctor Engineer was their updated version of Ahmad Chalabi, the future of democracy for Syrians and Arabs. How come he fled the scene of his greatest triumph? After Idris fled to Doha, Washington told him to get his act together and go back to Syria. Instead, he relocated to his fancy digs in Turkey.

Arab media has a different take on the whole operation – but it must be taken with a bulldozer of salt, as Arab media is overwhelmingly controlled by Saudi money. The warehouses may not have been taken over at all; they were “handed over” to the Islamic Front, according to an agreement supervised by the cousin of the Doctor Engineer General (“rebel” nepotism, anyone?).

Although Washington (laughably) swears it doesn’t know what was stolen from its “non-lethal aid” package, the content of the warehouses couldn’t be juicier; a weaponizing orgy – M79 Osa rocket launchers, rocket-propelled grenades, 14.5mm heavy machine guns, and even Stinger missiles – generously supplied by Saudis, Qataris, and Emiratis, obviously after a green light from Washington.

And by the way – US lethal, semi-lethal, or non-lethal “aid” continues and will continue to flow via Jordan, while Turkey “discreetly” does nothing to prevent ISIL deployments in both Syria and Iraq.

Washington – via the CIA – is in close contact with the Islamic Front; after all, these are Bandar Bush’s goons, and Bandar Bush has access to everyone that counts in Washington. To essentially summarize the “opposition” nebulae in Syria, there are absolutely negligible ideological differences between the FSA of General Doctor Engineer Idris, Bandar Bush’s brigades of the Islamic Front, and ISIL.

So Bandar Bush’s goons/foreign mercenaries – soon to number tens of thousands, and making as much as $2,500 a month – are now weaponized to the max. The Washington narrative that it’s “persuading” such a nasty bunch of Islamists to support Geneva-2 is no more than a joke.

No matter who will remain in control of those weapons – Bandar Bush’s brigades, the al-Qaeda-style International Jihad, or both – what’s certain is that these lethal facts on the ground will make a mockery of anything transpiring out of Geneva-2 next month. Washington knows it, Bandar Bush knows it, and Putin knows it. Ladies and gentlemen, place your bets.

وثائق مصرية تفضح مذابح الأتراك ضد الأرمن..Egyptian documents expose the Turkish massacres against the Armenians

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see also English Translation bellow

د.محمد رفعت: جرائم الاغتصاب والإبادة الجماعية موثقة.. وعلى مصر الاعتراف بها

Copy-of-Ahram-wasaekنسي «النظام التركي» أنه «نظام من زجاج»، وأن تاريخه الدموى قديما وحديثا يجعله من أكثر أنظمة العالم فاشية وإجراما، ويكفى صفحة واحدة من التاريخ الدموى للأتراك، وهى صفحة المذابح الأرمينية، لتجعل نظام الأتراك وصمة عار على الإنسانية والإسلام معا، إن الوقائع والوثائق التى تملكها مصر فى مراكزها البحثية والتاريخية والقانونية وخاصة أرشيف مؤسسة الأهرام، والتى توثق لحظة بلحظة مذابح الإبادة التركية ضد الأرمن، من شأنها أن تكشف للعالم كله حقيقة نظام أردوغان، وتفضح دموية نظامه، والأهم سر تمسكه بدعم نظام الإخوان الإرهابى فى مصر، و يرى الخبراء ومنهم الدكتور محمد رفعت، الأستاذ بمركز الدراسات الأرمينية بكلية الآداب جامعة القاهرة، فى حوارنا معه أنه حان الوقت لتعترف مصر بمذابح الأرمن، وتفتح الباب واسعا للشعوب التى قهرها الأتراك، واغتصب أراضيها وحقوقها وانتهك آدمية أبنائها، مثل اليونانيين والأكراد والسريان والبلغار والعرب وغيرهم ليطالبوا باستعادة أراضيهم، وبالتعويضات المادية والأدبية.

-هل هناك وثائق تحدثت عن مذابح الأرمن؟

توجد ملايين الوثائق أرسلها الدبلوماسيون الغربيون بالأستانة والولايات العثمانية إلى وزراء الخارجية التابعين لها: بريطانيا، الولايات المتحدة، فرنسا، ألمانيا، النمسا، روسيا وغيرها. وهذه الوثائق توثق لحظة بلحظة ما جرى للأرمن من انتهاكات واضطهادات وملاحقات وتعذيب واغتصابات. باختصار، توثق كل المآسى التى ألحقها الأتراك والأكراد بالشعب الأرمنى الأعزل. وفى العالم العربى عمومًا ومصر خصوصًا، آلاف الشواهد الدالة على فظاعة الجرم التركى بحق الأرمن والإنسانية. بداية، يوجد سيل من الصحف العربية التى سجلت يومًا بيوم آلام الأرمن والمذابح التى تعرضوا لها حتى انتهت بالإبادة فى عام 1915. ويكفى تصفح جريدة “الأهرام” منذ أن صدرت فى 5 أغسطس 1876 حتى نهاية مؤتمر لوزان 1923 ليدرك بنفسه حجم الكوارث التى أصابت الأرمن، هناك الكتاب الأحرار والشرفاء الذين رفضوا انتهاك الإنسانية بهذه الصورة النكراء. نذكر من هؤلاء مصطفى لطفى المنفلوطى الذى كتب فى النظرات “لا همجية فى الإسلام”، ولى الدين يكن التركي الجنس العربى الهوية الذى كتب المجهول والمعلوم، فكرى أباظة الضاحك الباكي .
وتفتخر بمصر بريادتها بمسألة توثيق المذابح والإبادة التى لحقت بالأرمن. ففي إبريل 1909 أصدر شيخ الإسلام الأمام الأكبر الشيخ “سليم البشري” شيخ الجامع الأزهر الشريف فتوى بتحريم قتل الأرمن لأن هذا يلحق العار بالإسلام والمسلمين، والدين الإسلامى الحنيف ليس به أى نص يحض على قتل المخالفين فى الدين. وفى نوفمبر 1916، أصدرت جريدة المقطم القاهرية كتاب المحامى السورى فايز الغصين وعنوانه المذابح فى أرمينيا، وهو أول كتاب فى العالم بتحدث عن هذه المذابح ويفضح الانتهاكات التركية، ويبرئ الإسلام من الحض على ارتكاب المذابح والإبادات فى حق البشر الأبرياء، كما تناولت الصحف الغربية موضوع الإبادة نقلًا عن هذا الكتاب وخير شاهد على ذلك صحيفة “نيويورك تايمز” عام 1916.

كيف قامت الحكومة العثمانية والإدارات التركية اللاحقة بإخفاء جريمة الإبادة الأرمنية؟

فى البداية لابد من الإشارة إلى أن الحكومة العثمانية قد اعترفت رسميًا عام 1919 باقتراف النظام الحاكم (الاتحاد والترقى) جريمة تصفية الأرمن من شرقى الأناضول، وذلك أثناء محاكمة رموز هذا النظام الذين أغرقوا الدولة العثمانية بدخولهم الحرب العالمية الأولى إلى جوار ألمانيا، وهذا الاعتراف منشور فى الجريدة الرسمية العثمانية (تقويمه وقائعى) عدد 3604 (الملحق) 22 يوليو.

ومنذ عام 1915 تبذل الحكومات التركية المتعاقبة جهودًا جبارة لإخفاء آثار الجريمة وتتريك الأراضى والمنقولات والأصول الأرمينية قانونيًا . وبالإضافة إلى الإنكار الذى يعد سمة من سمات الإدارات التركية اتخذت السلطات التركية سلسلة قوانين لإضفاء الشرعية على جريمتها ونتائجها من عام 1915 وحتى الآن.

كيف أسهمت مصر فى إنقاذ الأرمن الناجين من المذابح والإبادة؟

قبل منتصف تسعينيات القرن التاسع عشر، وجدت جالية أرمنية مميزة أسهمت بامتياز فى خدمة الإدارة المصرية. ولكن منذ عام 1894، استقبلت مصر آلاف اللاجئين الأرمن من المذابح الحميدية وعاشوا فى رحاب الشعب المصرى الكريم والمضياف. وفى 15 سبتمبر 1915 استقبلت مدينة بور سعيد 4500 أرمنى رفضوا تنفيذ قرار الترحيل واعتصموا بجبل موسى فى أنطاكية يقاومون السلطات العثمانية لمدة “45” يومًا حتى أنقذهم الأسطول الفرنسى فى البحر المتوسط ونقلهم إلى بورسعيد وقد عاشوا هناك أربع سنوات حتى انتهت الحرب وعادوا إلى ديارهم سالمين آمنين وأثناء حكومة الشعب ورئيسها سعد زغلول 1924 سمح بدخول 1000 بينهم أرمن من القدس واليونان إلى مصر كى يتربوا بين أحضان الأسر الأرمنية فى مصر كأبناء لهم.

هل إثارة مصر الآن مسألة الإبادة الأرمينية رد فعل للممارسات التركية المشينة ضد ثورة 30 يونيو المجيدة التى قام بها الشعب المصرى لإزاحة حكم جماعة الإخوان المحظورة؟

لاريب أن الشعب المصرى العريق قد انتفض على قلب رجل واحد فى 30 يونيو عندما شعر بأن مصر تضيع من بين يديه لحساب مشروع أمريكى- تركى – صهيونى لميلاد مشروع “شرق أوسط إسلامي” بقيادة أردوغان ونظامه، وكانت الجماعة المحظورة بمثابة الأيدى المنفذة لهذا المشروع نظير تمكينهم من السلطة الذين ظلوا يحلمون بها 80 عاما. ولكن عبقرية الشعب المصرى وفطنته الذكية قد تنبهت إلى كارثية هذا المخطط . ولهذا زأر الأسد المصرى محافظًا على عرينه. وسجل المصريون صفحة فى التاريخ الإنسانى لا مثيل لها.
فى هذا السياق جاءت أقذر ردود الفعل من أردوغان ونظامه الحاكم، فقد كان الرجل غارقًا فى أحلام قيادة العالم الإسلامى وتأسيس “الدولة الأردوغانية” فى 2024 لإعادة الوصل مع “الدولة العثمانية” التى أسقطها الأتراك القوميون وألغوا الخلافة الإسلامية فى عام 1924 ويبدو أن تركيا أردوغان قد ضحت بالنفيس والغالى من أجل تحقيق الحلم – ولهذا أُصيب أردوغان بهستيريا مرضية جعلته يهذى فى آناء الليل وأطراف النهار ضد “مصر المحروسة” وشعبها العريق الضارب فى عمق التاريخ إلى أكثر من 7 آلاف سنة.والحضارة والدين المعتدل والوسط – قد اعترفت بالإبادة الأرمنية عمليًا وأدانتها فعليًا، ولهذا فإن فتح هذا الملف الآن ليس بجديد ولكنه مجرد تذكير للأتراك بتاريخهم الدموي.
وبعيدًا عن المؤرخين الذين باعوا أنفسهم لتركيا ومشروع العثمانية الجديدة، فتغليب صفحات التاريخ تؤكد آلاف الشواهد على دموية الأتراك وعنفهم . هل نسى المصريون ذبح طومان باى الرجل المسلم الورع وتعليقه على باب زويلة، لأنه دافع عن مصر والمصريين؟ هل نسى المصريون آخر خدمة الغز – الأتراك – علقة؟ هل نسى المصريون أنهم كرهوا دولة الاستبداد العثمانية ودعو عليها (يارب يا متجلى اهزم العثمانلى) . هل نسى المصريون أن الأتراك كانوا يسمونهم “فلاح خرسيس”، أى لا خير فيه . هل نسى المصريون أن تركيا أول دولة إسلامية اعترفت بإسرائيل هل نسى المصريون شماتة الأتراك فى مصر إثر هزيمة 1967؟ هل نسى المصريون مؤازرة تركيا لحليفها الإستراتيجى إسرائيل أثناء حرب أكتوبر 1973؟ هل نسى المصريون محاولات تركيا لاستهداف دور مصر الإقليمي؟
ورغم أن المحسوبين على مدرسة التاريخ المصرى يحاولون تلميع صورة العلاقات العثمانية (التركية) المصرية ويتقاضون تمويلات، لاريب أن أجهزة الأمن المصرى على علم بها ويُسخرون موقعهم لخدمة هذا الغرض، فإنهم لم ولن يتمكنوا من هذا لأن حجم الأحقاد التركية يتخطى حدود المعقول واللا معقول.

لقد وقعت فى تاريخ الدبلوماسية المصرية العريق خمس حالات طرد للسفراء الأجانب منهم ثلاث حالات طرد للسفير التركى، أولاها عام 1952 إثر هجومه على ثورة يوليو 1952 والثانية بسبب شماتته لانفصال مصر عن سوريا فى عام 1961، والثالثة بسبب البذاءات والانتهاكات التى يرتكبها أردوغان وسفيره بالقاهرة فى حق مصر شعبًا وحكومة.

ما تأثير اعتراف مصر بمذابح الأرمن على تركيا؟

سوف تُثبت مصر للعالم بأنها تساند بقوة كل الشعوب المقهورة . وربما تتجه دول أخرى للاعتراف بالإبادة تيمنًا بـ”الشقيقة الكبرى” ودينيًا برغم أن مصر دولة إسلامة فإنها من هذا المنطلق حريصة على ألا يلصق العار بالإسلام والمسلمين بتهمة إبادة المسيحيين. وكما أدان الأزهر هذه الإبادة 1909، فإن اعتراف مصر بعد ثورة 30 يونيه بهذه الإبادة، يُكمل الموقف المصرى ويتوج عظمته.

لا شك أن تركيا سوف تُصاب بأضرار جسيمة إذ أنها ستكون دولة لها سوابق ثابتة فى جريمة إبادة الجنس الجماعية، وهى أعلى وأخطر جريمة دولية والاعتراف المصرى بهذه الإبادة سوف يفتح أبواب جهنم على أردوغان ونظامه ولن يتمكن من صد الملاحقات الأرمينية والكردية والسريانية واليونانية والعربية وسوف يؤدى هذا الاعتراف إلى تعزيز الموقف الأرمنى المطالب بالتعويضات المادية، واسترداد الأراضى الأرمنية التى تحتلها تركيا من شرق الأناضول، علاوة على هذا سيزداد الموقف حرجًا وتأزمًا فى المحاولات المستميتة لتركيا من أجل الانضمام إلى الاتحاد الأوروبى.

ولهذا أناشد الحكومة المصرية الإسراع باعتراف مصر ليس بالإبادة الأرمينية فقط، ولكن الاعتراف بكل الإبادات والانتهاكات التى اقترفتها الحكومات التركية المتعاقبة. وأدعوا المؤرخين الشرفاء إلى تشكيل لجنة لتوثيق جميع الانتهاكات التركية ضد الأتراك الشرفاء، وضد الشعوب التى كانت تحتلها الدولة العثمانية، والعلاقات التركية – الإسرائيلية، مؤامرات تركيا ضد مصر. وأطالب جامعة القاهرة بأن تعيد مركز الدراسات الأرمينية بكلية الآداب وهو المركز الذى تم تجميده أثناء حكم الإخوان لمصر بإملاءات تركية. إلا أنه لا يليق بأقدم جامعة فى الشرق الأوسط.

حوار ـ محمد الليثي

الأهرام

English Translation

By: Mohammed dialogue Laithi

Dr. Mohamed Refaat: rape crimes and genocide documented.. And Egypt recognized he forgot “Turkish regime” that “a system of glass”, and bloody history, and, more recently, making it one of the most ancient systems fascist world surging crime, suffice it to one page of the bloody history of the Turks, and page Armenian massacres, to make the Turks is a disgrace to humanity and Islam together, that the facts and documents owned by Egypt in its research centers, historical, legal, especially archives al-Ahram, moment by moment, which documented massacres Turkish genocide against Armenians, that would reveal to the world the truth of the Erdogan, and uncover its bloody and, more importantly,

its commitment to support the terrorist Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, and in the view of experts, including Dr. Mohamed Refaat, Professor, Center of Armenian studies, Faculty of Arts, Cairo University in our dialog with him that it is time to acknowledge Egypt Armenians massacres, and open the door wide for peoples defeated by Turks, and usurped their lands and rights violated save their sons, such as Greeks and Kurds and Assyrians, Arabs and other Bulgarians to demand the return of land, physical and moral can afford.

– Are there documents spoke about the massacres of Armenians? There are millions of documents sent by Western diplomats بالاستانة Ottoman States to the foreign ministers of Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Austria, Russia and others. These documents documenting moment by moment what happened for Armenians of violations and prosecutions واضطهادات rapes and torture. In short, documenting all the tragedies caused by Turks and Kurds people defenseless Armenian. And in the Arab world in general and Egypt in particular, thousands of evidence of horrible offense against Turkish Armenians and humanity. At the beginning, there is a torrent of Arab newspapers that recorded day by day the mother Armenians massacres to which they have been subjected to genocide ended in the year 1915. Suffice it to browse the newspaper “al-Ahram” since that was issued on 5 august 1876 until the end of the Lausanne Conference 1923 himself realizes the size of the disaster that hit the Armenians, there is the Book free and honest people who refused to violation of humanitarian abominable this picture.

Mention of these Mustafa Lutfi, Egypt has good relations, who wrote in looks “not barbaric in Islam”, Crown Prince of religion was not Turkish Arab gender identity, who wrote the unknown known, Fikri Abaza laughing crying freeman. Egypt boasts بريادتها question of documenting the massacres and genocide that befell the Armenians. In april 1909, the Sheikh of Islam Grand Imam Sheikh Salim “human” Sheikh Al-Azhar fatwa banning killing Armenians because this disgrace to Islam and Muslims, and religion Islam is not by any text urges the violators were killed in religion. In November 1916, issued a book Cairene newspaper Mokatam Syrian lawyer Fayez al-Ghossein, entitled the massacres in Armenia, which is the first book in the world talk about these massacres and exposes the Turkish violations, and instructs Islam of incitement to commit massacres والابادات in the right of innocent human beings, and also addressed the issue of genocide Western newspapers quoted this book the best witness to the newspaper “New York Times” in 1916.

How the Ottoman government and departments of hiding subsequent Turkish Armenian genocide? At the outset, we should point out that the Ottoman Government had formally recognized the 1919 of committing ruling regime (Union and Progress) crime of liquidation of the Armenians of eastern Anatolia, during trial of this system who drowned the Ottoman Empire entry First World War to neighboring Germany, this recognition of a publication in the Official Gazette Ottoman (corrected factual) Number of 3604 (supplement) 22 July. Since the year 1915 make successive Turkish governments tremendous efforts to hide the effects of the crime وتتريك land legally Armenian movable assets. In addition to denial, which is a feature of departments Turkish Turkish authorities have taken a series of laws to legitimize the crime and its consequences from the year 1915 until now. How Egypt contributed to rescue survivors of the massacres and genocide of the Armenians? before mid-nineties nineteenth century, found Armenian community has contributed to par excellence in the service Egyptian administration.

But since 1894, Egypt received thousands of Armenian refugees from the massacres Hamidiye and lived in rehab Egyptian Karim and hospitable people. On 15 september 1915, the city of Port Said 4500 Armenians refused to the implementation of the deportation decision and hold fast to mount Moussa in Antioch resist Ottoman authorities for ” 45″ days until they were rescued by French fleet in the Mediterranean and transferred to Port Said they had lived there for four years until the war ended and returned safely to their homes in safety during the Government of the people and its chairman Saad Zaghloul 1924 allowed to enter 1000, including Armenians of Jerusalem and Greece to Egypt to يتربوا between the embrace of Armenian families in Egypt as sons to them. Do you raise Egypt now the issue of the Armenian genocide Turkish reaction Shameful Practices June 30 glorious revolution against the Egyptian people to topple the rule the Muslim Brotherhood? However, the Egyptian people’s classic had rose up to the heart of one man in June 30 when he felt that Egypt lost from between his hands for a draft US-Turkish Bath – Birth of Zionist project “a Middle East Islamic” led by Erdogan and his regime, the group which is banned as a show of hands the project’s executing peer-to enable them to the authority who have been dreaming of 80 years. But genius of Egyptian people smart and judicious acumen, as may have wised up to the disastrous this scheme. That is why Al Asad Visited Egyptian governor on his lair. Page Egyptians recorded in human history is unprecedented.

Iraqi War Turkish gold mine Turkish company to construct pipeline for ExxonMobil in Iraq $90 millions so who was behiend Iraq War?

By

Another Turkish crime against humanity

Turkish online news Hürriyet Daily News report

n_59555_4Turkish construction firm EİD İnşaat is to build a 120-km-long pipeline for ExxonMobil in Iraq for $90 million, a project that is expected to be completed in one year.

“This is a privilege to carry out a project for ExxonMobil that ranked second in energy sector of the world. We won the project with our foreign partner. We completed the contract and technical procedures. There is also an 85-km-long pipeline project under construction. The two pipelines will be more 200 km-long,” Chairman Bora Can Yıldız has said.

Yıldız stated that the pipeline was an advanced engineering project that was used for drilling oil via high water pressure.

The Iraqi market accounts for 70 percent of the business volume of EİD İnşaat, which has operations in the energy and construction sectors in the Middle East and Russia. The company had carried out other projects such as airports and industrial facilities in Iraq jointly with American, Canadian and European companies, he said, adding that they were currently working on a project worth $250 million in South Iraq and Basra

Izmir, Turkey: Sevan Nişanyan: ‘This country is ours, there is no place for you,’ they say (Video)

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Emre Ertan Airport, Izmir, Turkey and the former Greek village of Sirince introduced to the world, but because of the structures built on top of cases prosecuted Nishanian Sevan said.

ERT EMRE NEW
is emreertani@agos.com.tr
Sevan Nişanyan, judiciary, bureaucracy and the Ministry of Culture ‘should be made ​​of the’ Declaration of Rock in Şirince’ye despite pressures such as the opening of the tomb had made ​​in February 2012. nisanyan550Nishanyan grave, ‘rootless, baseless, non-persistence’ against building a ‘nice thing as’ built said.

ERT EMRE NEW
is emreertani@agos.com.t

Sevan Nishanian last year, the book describes the life ‘Lion Road’ in the conversation I had on, “Who Sevan Nişanyan? For example, can we say crazy? “He asked, and he gave the following response:

“I love doing crazy number, but I’m not crazy, I’m inordinately rational-minded people. They say I’m brave, but I do not believe in it. Nishanyan, I like to push boundaries, where everyone sees no boundaries I see them as opportunities. Everyone ‘Oh, here we do not go beyond’ the place where I love to go to. Minimum force when you’re discovering new things. Borders across the border to force the monsters need to understand that. Everyone in the dark more than that, the place where I see opportunity, I mean, I do not take a risk, actually. ”

Nishanian Şirince’de this time ‘unauthorized’ built a structure in which ‘breaking the seal’ on the sentence I spoke to. A few days ago stating that reaches the hands of the prosecution’s notice Nishanyan, “In this process, the role of being my Armenian stark. Anyone who has anything unusual in Turkey will be punished. If you want surname ‘Ozturk’, whether it does not matter. Unusual or personality you’ll be punished if you do a job. On top of it, this katmerlen is Armenian, “he says.

  • Here’s what you do in Sirince punish you receive?

In 2008, in one of my little work ‘without breaking the seal because I got two years in prison. My concern then a few more penalties to come. My work Şirince’de sonuçlanıp local court at this stage because of the 19 cases. Of these, 9 of them were illegal construction in the protected area. An arrangement made last October, they eliminate them. So my punishment so that a total of 21 years fell to 7-8 years. A few days ago I learned of summons from the prosecutor’s office I’d go to prison. I should be delivered within 10 days were reported.

  • Well, that’s weird is not it? 70 percent of Istanbul leakage but no penalty is given. But you …

As everyone knows, there is a fact, not a matter of this event fugitive.

  • What’s the matter?He’s a player who did not play a role which is not something other than punishment. Questioning the presuppositions of the system, with certain claims arising beyond this and, moreover, to the Armenian incidents of a man who is intimidated by this. Mechanism of intimidation is not new, from a place that does not have a decision. At the same time moving from point to dozens of takes over. After that, however, give details of the job can fight over.

  • You’re giving ideological war on many fronts …ev-5520

    Turkey do not fit into any of the existing political camp. I’m not a man of any camp, not a clan supporting me on my back. This in a way gives me freedom. Many people on the one hand Soveren loves me. I think that despite everything I loved my many.

    • Social media, live event that you bring it up with your spouse get a penalty for that, “Oh say, ‘There are those who …

    Some of the “Armenian” embarrassed to say anything because it raises another, languages ​​other pods below. They also have a deep hatred in the unconscious mind can not explain it in other ways and are expressed. Also I live with my wife in the event that no information about who is right in one. Was he right answer to the question was unfair to give this man no one can be. Neither I nor my wife talked about this. Also I’m closest to my ex still, like now I’m handing him Nishanyan hotel.

    • These braces off and now I wonder if we continue, enter the prison to go abroad to get away from Do not you think?

    After this age go abroad can not be miserable. I’m also going abroad defeat is a defeat and I do not, I will not accept defeat. Tens of thousands of Armenians from Turkey gave up and went. 90 percent of the people I know in my childhood went abroad. I say go is to admit defeat, the ingenuity to stay here and fight. “This country is ours, there is no place for you,” they say. “What’s the occasion, I’m staying, if you want to you” We need to diyebilme.

    • Been launched campaigns for you to enter the prison.

    Campaign anything from the dead. Reprieve would not be in a situation like this final sentence. But then there is the future convictions. Not one of them, 19 cases we’re talking about. ‘m Going to sleep for a certain period of this case, it is not clear exactly how. It does not bother me so much but the back is too poor to know what the future of punishment. 9-10 years amounts if they wish me inside. Or go to a few months in prison does not bother me.

    • Şirince’de demolition of homes that make me like the case?

    Currently it does not appear anything. At no stage, did not solve any problems. They were postponed, were sümenalt, was allowed to stand. But you never know what will happen to them.

    • “Religious feelings to things I do not think it would be something from the case. ‘There are over your eye brow’ case as much as you want from the guy in jail where you can insert your religion from a case of getting in trouble incontinence what? “You say.

    Not make much sense do not you think? Religion and the Prophet got up and criticized me for one year and three months in jail that, ‘Eye has scratched the top of the saying’ includes launchers, not a problem of the hand, Europeans are not subject to the critique of the Americans.

    • Take your punishment for being Armenian Do you think it is effective?

    In this process, the role of being my Armenian stark. Anyone who has anything unusual in Turkey will be punished. If you want surname ‘Ozturk’, whether it does not matter. Unusual or personality you’ll be punished if you do a job. This is katmerlen top of it is Armenian.

    • Are you sorry for that unusual?

    I could not be otherwise, a person can not change himself. Making it such a pleasure getting to be, it can not change. In his youth people “now my streak, I’m going to change this streak, it does not, I’m such events,” he says. After a certain age, do you realize how hard you try you are. You’re used to it, accept life easier when you are starting to come to the people. I’m proud of what I did, did their jobs properly. I’d need to do in this village, both Mathematics Village, Theatre Madrasa, scientific studies, dictionaries, I contribute to the public debate in terms of my job I think I made neat and clean. This will benefit people in the country I’m doing the work, get it more than I think I’ve given to the public. This sounds very good to me, what can you do more than that already alive?

 

Davutoglu: 1915 Armenian Deportations ‘Inhumane’

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Foreign minister Eduard Nalbandian and Ahemt Davutoglu meet in Yerevan on Thursday

Davutoglunalbandian11ISTANBUL—The “deportation” of Armenians in 1915 was inhumane, and Turkey has never supported the move, Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu said Thursday as visited Armenia, reported the Hurriyet Daily News.

Davutoglu was in Yerevan to attend a meeting of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, on the sidelines of which he and Armenia’s Foreign Minsiter Eduard Nalbandian had an hour-long meeting.

“We are very pleased with the meeting with Nalbandian; it was candid. The primary aim is to build an environment of dialogue on a strong basis,” Davutoğlu said after the meeting, while dismissing claims that he suggested to Armenia that it withdraw from two regions in Nagorno-Karabakh.

Davutoğlu expressed his hope that a collective consciousness between the two countries could be created with what he called “just memory.”

“We say ‘just memory.’ What I mean with that we should know the facts. Then we see that Turkish-Armenian relations do not date back like German-Jewish ties. In every street, there is a common sign,” explained Davutoglu.

“After you discover this, then you see the deportation, which I see as a totally wrong practice done by [the Ottoman-era rulers under the Committee of Union and Progress]. It was inhumane,” Davutoglu told a group of reporters en route to Yerevan.

“But when you write history, taking the deportation into account, then a collective conscious was created from this side [Turkey] that Armenians betrayed their nation and deserved the deportation. We should destroy these two collective consciousnesses. We abolished this wrong consciousness in 2005, but Armenians still have it,” he told reporters.

“Our primary aim is not open only the Turkish-Armenian border but to form a foundation that will pave the way for a comprehensive peace,” added Davutoglu said.

“It has three pillars. The first one is relations between Turkey and Armenia. The second one is Azerbaijani-Armenian relations. This also includes Georgian-Abkhaz ties. The third one is relations between Turks and Armenians,” he said.

“If one of the pillars is crippled, it will create distress. Let’s say we opened the Armenian border gate. If a war breaks out between Armenia and Azerbaijan, then we would be forced to close it again. The hardest thing is to defrost the iceberg of the status quo. You could start a war when you trying to defrost it,” he said.

Davutoglu claimed that he has been meeting with members of the Armenian Diaspora during his travels to various countries, saying, however, that those meetings are not publicized “due to the fact that extremist Armenians would cause problems.

“In the past, talking with the diaspora has been perceived as a threat or aimed for intelligence issues. Diplomats thought, ‘What would I do?’ if it were recorded. But now it has become a duty. Since that time, whenever I go abroad I meet with the Armenian community if there is one,” announced Davutoglu, who explained that “What we realize is that if you cannot provide a basis in ties with the diaspora, that puts pressure on ties with Armenia and it becomes deadlocked.”

Turkey extends hand, but no apology, to Armenia

By

Fehim Taştekin
Contributor, Turkey Pulse

Turkey’s plan to normalize  ties with Armenia, the most critical part of its “zero problems with  neighbors” policy, went to the dustbin after Ankara made a surprise U-turn for  the sake of Azeri gas. Bilateral relations had been severed in 1994 over the  Nagorno-Karabakh war and the Armenian occupation of 20% of Azeri territory.

Following two years of secret talks, Turkey and Armenia signed  two protocols aimed at normalizing ties in Zurich on Oct. 10, 2009,  attended by the US and Russian foreign ministers. Even though the protocols  made no reference to Nagorno-Karabakh, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan put  forward a condition that Armenia should take a step toward resolving the  conflict. In Armenia, meanwhile, the Constitutional Court approved the protocols  with reservations before sending them to parliament for ratification. Turkey  protested that the court’s reasoning went “against the spirit of the protocols.”  Finally, Armenian President Serzh Sarkisyan announced Armenia was suspending the  ratification process on the grounds that Turkey was putting conditions on  it.

Three years on, Turkey is seeking to revive the Armenian dossier. The first  signal came on Nov. 6 from Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu. In  a briefing to parliament’s Foreign Affairs Commission, he said, “Our  efforts ahead of 2015 are continuing at full speed. Our demand is that [the  Armenians] pull out from Karabakh. We are expecting a move on this issue. If it  happens, both the border crossing and the railroad will be reopened and other  relations will follow. But we want to do this together with Azerbaijan,”

Turkish Foreign Ministry sources told Al-Monitor that the  “second Armenian opening” was discussed with Azeri President Ilham Aliyev when  he visited Ankara on Nov. 12 and was decorated with a state medal, as well as  during Davutoglu’s visit to Washington Nov. 18-19 and Erdogan’s meeting with  Russian President Vladimir Putin in Saint Petersburg Nov. 22.

“We are open to all creative ideas that could pave the way for regional  peace,” one diplomat said, stressing Ankara’s hope that the Azeri and Armenian  governments would be also open to “creative” ideas, now that they have both  overcome their election tests. “For every step we take, we speak with Azerbaijan  and reach consensus,” the diplomat added. The failure of the 2009 protocols owed  much to Azerbaijan’s tough objections.

Pullout condition

Several ideas have surfaced ahead of Dec. 12, when Davutoglu will be in  Yerevan to attend a gathering of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation  Organization. According to media reports, Ankara has outlined the  following new  proposal: If Armenia pulls out from at least two of the seven regions it  occupied in 1993, Turkey will reopen one border crossing. Aliyev was reportedly  briefed last month about Turkey’s proposal to reopen the border in return for  Armenian withdrawal from parts of the occupied territory. The  Armenian Aravot newspaper, meanwhile, reported that  Armenia had conveyed its own three-item road map to Davutoglu through secret  diplomatic channels in early December. The three conditions the newspaper listed  are as follows:

  1. Turkey should openly recognize the Armenian  genocide.
  2. The Turkish-Armenian border should be reopened immediately  and bilateral diplomatic relations established.
  3. Support should be given to efforts to install a peacekeeping force that  would prevent cease-fire violations at the Nagorno-Karabakh border, ensure the  removal of snipers from the area and lay the ground for a peaceful  climate.

A Turkish Foreign Ministry official told Al-Monitor that  the ministry is willing to discuss fresh ideas with its Armenian counterpart in  Yerevan, but denied that Yerevan had relayed its own road map. The ministry is  reluctant to openly confirm the Turkish proposal, but Turkish pro-government  newspapers describe it as “Turkey taking action for both peace in the  Caucasus and normalization of ties with Armenia.”

Getting ready for 2015

Could Turkey’s new move yield results? The Armenian government is unlikely to  accept a proposal that falls behind the 2009 terms, as it already had  difficulties in explaining to its public why the protocols did not include an  apology for the genocide. This is also evident from the snippy  remarks of Armenian Deputy Foreign Minister Savarsh Kocharyan: “If  Turkey wishes to have civilized relations with Armenia, it must recognize the  genocide and open the border. Instead of making provocative statements that  could hurt the prospect of any positive development, the Turkish foreign  minister should use his visit to Yerevan to visit the genocide  memorial and pay respect to the genocide victims.”

And that’s the point where the whole process becomes deadlocked. For any  Armenian, recognition of the genocide is the one and only doorstep to  friendship, whereas Turkey is scrambling to go a different route.

Davutoglu’s new Armenian opening has little chance of success. The initiative  will no doubt be seen as a maneuver to counter the pressure that will pile up on  Turkey ahead of 2015, the 100th anniversary of the genocide. Listening to the  debates in parliament is enough to reach this conclusion.

Deputy Prime Minister Bulent Arinc, speaking Nov. 5 at the parliament’s  Budget and Planning Commission over the budget of the Turkish History  Institution, explained how Turkey would counter the Armenians’ international  campaigns for 2015.

“2015 is the 100th anniversary of the Gallipoli battle on the one hand, and  the so-called Armenian genocide allegations on the other. We are working  seriously on that. Work is underway on symposiums, conferences, panels, book  publications and documentaries,” said Arinc. “But at the same time, we are  working also on some very special initiatives in other realms that could have an  impact on all countries around the world in terms of public diplomacy.” The  institution, he added, would organize 14 “scientific meetings” in 2014 and  allocate 8,239,000 Turkish lira ($4,045,000) for its activities.

While the government is mobilizing to debunk the “genocide allegations,” the  opposition is targeting it for not doing more. At loggerheads on myriad issues,  the opposition and the government reach a national consensus when it comes to  the Armenian issue.

Making such preparations for 2015 sours the positive impact the new opening  could make on Armenians. The Turkish Foreign Ministry believes the political  atmosphere in Yerevan is favorable for a new opening, but given the traumatic  conditions the 2015 anniversary is already creating and Armenia’s deepening  relations with Russia, the prospects for Ankara-Yerevan ties are far from  promising.

Yerevan has fully delegated its security to Russia with a decision to extend  the Gyumri Base treaty until 2044 and decided to  join the Russian-led Eurasian Union instead of entering into a  free-trade agreement with the European Union. Both moves stand out as  discouraging external factors with respect to Turkish-Armenian  rapprochement.

Restoring the 2009 momentum seems difficult in any case. Sadly, the barrier  in front of Turkish-Armenian peace is rising even higher ahead of 2015, rivaling  Ararat Mountain itself.

Fehim Taştekin is a columnist and chief editor of  foreign news at the Turkish newspaper Radikal, based in  Istanbul. He is the host of a fortnightly program called “Dogu Divanı” on IMC  TV. He is an analyst specializing in Turkish foreign policy and Caucasus,  Middle East and EU affairs. He was founding editor of Agency

Attempts to link Armenia-Turkey normalization to other issues senseless – Nalbandian

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December 12, 2013 | 13:28

185066YEREVAN. – Any attempts to link Armenia-Turkey normalization to other issues are senseless and unsuccessful, Armenia Foreign Minister said during the Thursday briefing (photos).

Asked about Turkish media reports saying Ahmet Davutoglu will discuss Karabakh settlement in the context of Armenia-Turkey reconciliation process, Nalbandian said Armenia’s position is clear: Armenia-Turkey relation can be normalized without any preconditions.

“The attempts to link this to other issues or put forward preconditions are senseless and unsuccessful,” he said.

Edward Nalbandian said the meetings with the heads of BSEC delegations, including Turkish FM, are planned. The discussed issues will be made public after the meeting, he emphasized.

Ahmet Davutoğlu is in Yerevan to participate in the meeting of the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation.